Principio de transparencia en el proceso de licitación pública, como garantía de selección objetiva en la contratación estatal
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Fuentes Rincón, Juan Carlos
Fernández Torres, Jackson Javier
Camargo Chaparro, Maria Alejandra
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El presente artículo analiza el alcance y la aplicación del princípio de transparencia en el proceso de licitación pública, entendido como una garantía de la selección objetiva en la
contratación estatal. La metodología empleada corresponde a un enfoque cualitativo, de conformidad con los planteamientos de Martínez (2004). En este orden de ideas, se adoptó el método hermenéutico, siguiendo la tradición interpretativa de Dilthey, citado por Martínez (2004), y se optó por la técnica de revisión documental, apoyada en el uso de una matriz de categorías, la cual permitió un análisis sistemático y riguroso del objeto de estudio. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el princípio de transparencia se consolida como un eje estructural de la contratación estatal, en la medida en que se traduce en obligaciones jurídicas orientadas a garantizar la publicidad, el control y la selección objetiva. Su aplicación transversal en las distintas etapas de la licitación pública legitima las decisiones administrativas y protege el interés general; sin embargo, su efectividad exige superar obstáculos de carácter estructural y asumir la transparencia como un estándar sustantivo de actuación administrativa, y no como un mero cumplimiento formal
de procedimientos.
This article analyzes the scope and application of the principle of transparency in the public bidding process, understood as a guarantee of objective selection in government contracting. The methodology employed corresponds to a qualitative approach, in accordance with the proposals of Martínez (2004). In this line of thought, the hermeneutic method was adopted, following the interpretive tradition of Dilthey, cited by Martínez (2004), and the documentary review technique was chosen, supported by the use of a matrix of categories, which allowed a systematic and rigorous analysis of the object of study. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the principle of transparency is consolidated as a structural axis of public procurement, insofar as it translates into legal obligations aimed at guaranteeing publicity, oversight, and objective selection. Its cross cutting application in the various stages of public bidding legitimizes administrative decisions and protects the public interest; however, its effectiveness requires overcoming structural obstacles and embracing transparency as a substantive standard of administrative action, and not merely as a formal compliance with procedures.
This article analyzes the scope and application of the principle of transparency in the public bidding process, understood as a guarantee of objective selection in government contracting. The methodology employed corresponds to a qualitative approach, in accordance with the proposals of Martínez (2004). In this line of thought, the hermeneutic method was adopted, following the interpretive tradition of Dilthey, cited by Martínez (2004), and the documentary review technique was chosen, supported by the use of a matrix of categories, which allowed a systematic and rigorous analysis of the object of study. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the principle of transparency is consolidated as a structural axis of public procurement, insofar as it translates into legal obligations aimed at guaranteeing publicity, oversight, and objective selection. Its cross cutting application in the various stages of public bidding legitimizes administrative decisions and protects the public interest; however, its effectiveness requires overcoming structural obstacles and embracing transparency as a substantive standard of administrative action, and not merely as a formal compliance with procedures.
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Palabras clave
Transparencia, Contratación, Licitación pública
