Modelos de gobernanza y gestión social en las empresas productoras de carbón del sector minero-energético de Norte de Santander
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2026
Autores
Peñaranda Zuluaga, Jorge Eliecer
Vergara Collantes, Juan Manuel
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La minería de carbón constituye una de las principales actividades económicas del departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia, debido a su aporte al desarrollo regional y a
la generación de empleo. Sin embargo, el sector enfrenta retos asociados a la gobernanza institucional y social, así como a la relación con sus grupos de interés, factores que inciden en su sostenibilidad y en la percepción de legitimidad por parte de las comunidades. La investigación tuvo como propósito analizar los elementos de gobernanza institucional y social en las empresas productoras de carbón de la región, con énfasis en sus efectos sobre la gestión social y las dinámicas territoriales. Se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo y analítico, siguiendo los lineamientos de Hernández Sampieri y un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. La recolección de información se realizó mediante un cuestionario estructurado compuesto por cuatro dimensiones y 24 afirmaciones en escala Likert, además de preguntas de caracterización. La muestra estuvo integrada por 16 informantes clave, seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, quienes ocupan cargos directivos o de decisión en empresas mineras del departamento. Los resultados evidencian que la gobernanza institucional se orienta principalmente al cumplimiento normativo y al control interno. En contraste, la gobernanza social presenta debilidades en participación, transparencia y articulación territorial. Aunque existen estructuras formales, su integración con los procesos comunitarios es limitada. Se concluye que fortalecer mecanismos participativos y la interacción con las comunidades es esencial para avanzar hacia una mayor sostenibilidad social del sector.
Coal mining is one of the main economic activities in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, due to its contribution to regional development and job creation. However, the sector faces challenges related to institutional and social governance, as well as its relationship with stakeholders—factors that directly affect its sustainability and the perception of legitimacy among local communities. The purpose of the research was to analyze the elements of institutional and social governance in coal-producing companies operating in the region, with emphasis on their effects on social management and territorial dynamics. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach with a descriptive and analytical scope, following the methodological guidelines proposed by Hernández Sampieri and a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire composed of four dimensions and 24 Likert-scale statements, along with participant characterization questions. The sample consisted of 16 key informants selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, all of whom hold managerial or decision-making positions in coal mining companies in the department. The results show that institutional governance is primarily focused on regulatory compliance and internal process control. In contrast, social governance practices display weaknesses, particularly in stakeholder participation, transparency with local communities, and territorial coordination. Although formal governance structures exist, their integration with community and social processes remains limited. The study concludes that strengthening participatory governance mechanisms and improving interaction between institutions and communities are essential steps toward achieving greater social sustainability in the coal mining sector..
Coal mining is one of the main economic activities in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, due to its contribution to regional development and job creation. However, the sector faces challenges related to institutional and social governance, as well as its relationship with stakeholders—factors that directly affect its sustainability and the perception of legitimacy among local communities. The purpose of the research was to analyze the elements of institutional and social governance in coal-producing companies operating in the region, with emphasis on their effects on social management and territorial dynamics. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach with a descriptive and analytical scope, following the methodological guidelines proposed by Hernández Sampieri and a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire composed of four dimensions and 24 Likert-scale statements, along with participant characterization questions. The sample consisted of 16 key informants selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, all of whom hold managerial or decision-making positions in coal mining companies in the department. The results show that institutional governance is primarily focused on regulatory compliance and internal process control. In contrast, social governance practices display weaknesses, particularly in stakeholder participation, transparency with local communities, and territorial coordination. Although formal governance structures exist, their integration with community and social processes remains limited. The study concludes that strengthening participatory governance mechanisms and improving interaction between institutions and communities are essential steps toward achieving greater social sustainability in the coal mining sector..
Descripción
Palabras clave
Minería de carbón, Gobernanza institucional, Gobernanza social, Norte de Santander
