Barreras en el acceso de atención en justicia para mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual en el contexto del conflicto armado en Colombia
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Mejía Paba, María Alejandra
Ballena Cárdenas, Mayerli
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La violencia sexual es una grave violación de los derechos humanos, especialmente en zonas de conflicto armado con poca presencia institucional y alto control de grupos ilegales, creando limitaciones para que las mujeres víctimas accedan a la justicia. Este proyecto investigó esos obstáculos a nivel nacional, analizando el marco normativo, factores institucionales, sociales y culturales, y comparando hallazgos para identificar tendencias y vacíos en la garantía de derechos de las mujeres víctimas. La metodología incluyó la cualificación de la información mediante la interpretación de datos y el método de teoría fundamentada, analizando documentos institucionales y académicos, seleccionados según año de publicación, pertinencia y actualidad. Se usaron la ficha técnica jurídica, matriz de revisión documental y matriz de análisis comparativo para desarrollar
cada objetivo específico. Entre los resultados se encuentran disposiciones jurídicas internacionales y nacionales que protegen a las mujeres víctimas de violencia, como la Declaración sobre la Eliminación de la Violencia contra la Mujer, la Convención Interamericana para Prevenir y Sancionar y Erradicar la Violencia contra la Mujer; en Colombia, estas incluyen la Constitución Política de 1991, la Ley 1448 de 2011 y el Auto 092 de la Corte Constitucional de 2008. En materia de barreras, las culturales incluyen el temor a denunciar y la estigmatización social. Las barreras estructurales se refieren a la lentitud en los procedimientos judiciales y territoriales implican el poco acceso institucional. Se concluye que el sistema tiene falencias para garantizar una justicia con enfoque de género y adaptarse a las realidades de conflicto del país.
Sexual violence is a serious violation of human rights, especially in areas of armed conflict with little institutional presence and high control of illegal groups, creating limitations for women victims to access justice. This project investigated these obstacles at the national level, analyzing the regulatory framework, institutional, social and cultural factors, and comparing findings to identify trends and gaps in the guarantee of rights of women victims. The methodology included the qualification of the information through the interpretation of data and the grounded theory method, analyzing institutional and academic documents, selected according to year of publication, relevance and topicality. The legal technical sheet, document review matrix and comparative analysis matrix were used to develop each specific objective. Among the results are international and national legal provisions that protect women victims of violence, such as the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention and Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women; in Colombia, these include the Political Constitution of 1991, Law 1448 of 2011 and Order 092 of the Constitutional Court of 2008. In terms of barriers, cultural barriers include the fear of reporting and social stigmatization. Structural barriers refer to the slowness in judicial and territorial procedures imply little institutional access. It is concluded that the system has shortcomings in guaranteeing justice with a gender approach and adapting to the realities of conflict in the country.
Sexual violence is a serious violation of human rights, especially in areas of armed conflict with little institutional presence and high control of illegal groups, creating limitations for women victims to access justice. This project investigated these obstacles at the national level, analyzing the regulatory framework, institutional, social and cultural factors, and comparing findings to identify trends and gaps in the guarantee of rights of women victims. The methodology included the qualification of the information through the interpretation of data and the grounded theory method, analyzing institutional and academic documents, selected according to year of publication, relevance and topicality. The legal technical sheet, document review matrix and comparative analysis matrix were used to develop each specific objective. Among the results are international and national legal provisions that protect women victims of violence, such as the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention and Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women; in Colombia, these include the Political Constitution of 1991, Law 1448 of 2011 and Order 092 of the Constitutional Court of 2008. In terms of barriers, cultural barriers include the fear of reporting and social stigmatization. Structural barriers refer to the slowness in judicial and territorial procedures imply little institutional access. It is concluded that the system has shortcomings in guaranteeing justice with a gender approach and adapting to the realities of conflict in the country.
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Palabras clave
Mujeres víctimas, Violencia sexual y género, Acceso a la justicia, Conflicto armado, Barreras
