Aislamiento de bacteriófagos contra Streptococcus agalactiae asociado a brotes en cultivos de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Morales Parejo, Mariana Julieth
Negrete Hernández, Hellen Adelis
Yamal Herrera, Jesús David
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
La tilapicultura representa una de las actividades acuícolas más importantes para el desarrollo económico del Caribe colombiano, especialmente en el departamento del Atlántico, donde constituye una fuente clave de empleo y seguridad alimentaria. Sin embargo, la expansión intensiva de los sistemas de cultivo ha favorecido la aparición de enfermedades infecciosas que amenazan la sostenibilidad del sector. Entre ellas, la estreptococosis, causada por la bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae, se destaca como una de las patologías bacterianas más devastadoras, responsable de brotes agudos con altas tasas de mortalidad en tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Las pérdidas económicas derivadas y la creciente resistencia de las cepas a antibióticos de uso común han incentivado la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas sostenibles y seguras (Haq et al., 2021) (Sánchez Roncancio, C. O., & Fonseca de Freitas, R. T. (2022). En este sentido, los bacteriófagos surgen como una herramienta biotecnológica prometedora para el control de patógenos acuícolas. La fagoterapia ofrece ventajas como su alta especificidad, la ausencia de impacto negativo sobre el microbiota ambiental y la minimización de la interferencia con microorganismos beneficiosos. Estudios recientes demuestran que los fagos líticos pueden reducir la carga bacteriana y mejorar la supervivencia de peces infectados, convirtiéndose en una estrategia innovadora y en una alternativa para disminuir el uso de antibióticos (Abdelsalam et al., 2023).
Tilapculture represents one of the most important aquaculture activities for the economic development of the Colombian Caribbean, especially in the department of Atlántico, where it constitutes a key source of employment and food security. However, the intensive expansion of farming systems has favored the emergence of infectious diseases that threaten the sustainability of the sector. Among them, streptococcosis, caused by the bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae, stands out as one of the most devastating bacterial pathologies, responsible for acute outbreaks with high mortality rates in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The resulting economic losses and the growing resistance of strains to commonly used antibiotics have encouraged the search for sustainable and safe therapeutic alternatives (Haq et al., 2021) (Sánchez Roncancio, C. O., & Fonseca de Freitas, R. T. (2022). In this sense, bacteriophages emerge as a promising biotechnological tool for the control of aquaculture pathogens. Phage therapy offers advantages such as its high specificity, the absence of negative impact on the environmental microbiota and the minimization of interference with beneficial microorganisms. Recent studies show that lytic phages can reduce the bacterial load and improve the survival of infected fish, becoming an innovative strategy and an alternative to reduce the use of antibiotics (Abdelsalam et al., 2023).
Tilapculture represents one of the most important aquaculture activities for the economic development of the Colombian Caribbean, especially in the department of Atlántico, where it constitutes a key source of employment and food security. However, the intensive expansion of farming systems has favored the emergence of infectious diseases that threaten the sustainability of the sector. Among them, streptococcosis, caused by the bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae, stands out as one of the most devastating bacterial pathologies, responsible for acute outbreaks with high mortality rates in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The resulting economic losses and the growing resistance of strains to commonly used antibiotics have encouraged the search for sustainable and safe therapeutic alternatives (Haq et al., 2021) (Sánchez Roncancio, C. O., & Fonseca de Freitas, R. T. (2022). In this sense, bacteriophages emerge as a promising biotechnological tool for the control of aquaculture pathogens. Phage therapy offers advantages such as its high specificity, the absence of negative impact on the environmental microbiota and the minimization of interference with beneficial microorganisms. Recent studies show that lytic phages can reduce the bacterial load and improve the survival of infected fish, becoming an innovative strategy and an alternative to reduce the use of antibiotics (Abdelsalam et al., 2023).
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Palabras clave
Fagoterapia, Tilapicultura, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacteriófagos
