Análisis al impacto del proceso de planeación territorial en la dinámica de la gestión pública en la zona de frontera. Caso municipios de Villa del Rosario y Puerto Santander
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Corzo Molina, Jhon Jairo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: En planificación es necesario realizar un diagnóstico mediante las estadísticas entregadas por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y seguir las directrices estipuladas por el Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP). Es necesario dejar claro que la planificación del desarrollo va más allá de generar condiciones necesarias para conseguir un crecimiento económico estable, lo que busca es disminuir las necesidades de la población, cruzando la frontera de lo meramente económico. A su vez, entendiendo que, para instaurar el proceso de planificación, se debe tener en cuenta que cada territorio tiene potencialidades y necesidades diferentes.
Objetivos: Analizar el impacto del estado del proceso de planificación en Colombia contenido en la ley 152 de 1994, sobre las condiciones diferenciales de desarrollo de los territorios de frontera a partir de la lógica de la investigación socio-jurídica. Caso municipios de Villa del Rosario y Puerto Santander, Norte de Santander
Materiales y Métodos: Se proponen como fundamento metodológico de la acción de investigación dos categorías de análisis principales y desde los cuales se definen los indicadores de trabajo. Estas categorías y subcategorías son la base para la definición y aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación.
Para avanzar en el análisis del efecto del proceso planificador en Colombia, contenido en la Ley 152 de 1994, sobre las condiciones diferenciales de desarrollo de los territorios de frontera; desde la lógica de la investigación socio jurídico para las municipalidades de Villa del Rosario y Puerto Santander.
Resultados: De forma general, se puede deducir que técnicamente hay un esfuerzo por parte de los territorios para planear su desarrollo, pero ese esfuerzo no se ve reflejado en los diagnósticos y en las estrategias propuestas. Por ejemplo, en el municipio de Villa del Rosario, se hace un diagnóstico únicamente con las fuentes información secundaria, por lo que hace falta la participación ciudadana; que es la fuente de información primaria. En el caso del municipio de Puerto Santander, se evidencia participación de la ciudadanía, lo cual lleva a un diagnostico mejor elaborado. Por su parte, en la elaboración de las estrategias se evidencia una falta de compromiso, y el uso políticas provenientes de la planeación nacional; esto puede deberse al bajo desempeño fiscal de las municipalidades, ya que las estrategias estarán dirigidas únicamente hacia los sectores que tienen recursos del nivel nacional.
Conclusiones: La planeación del desarrollo, se ha convertido en un instrumento que los países tienen para fijar unos objetivos, cuyo cumplimiento, en teoría inevitablemente mejorará el bienestar de su población. En Colombia, la planeación después de 1991 ha estado dirigida a la descentralización. La Ley 152 de 1994, establece los lineamientos para la formulación y evaluación del plan de desarrollo nacional y la forma en la que serán elaborados los planes de desarrollo de las municipalidades y departamentos.
Ante lo anterior, es de resaltar que después de la liberalización a la que Colombia se sometió a partir de 1991, con el consenso de Washington y las reformas estructurales para aumentar el crecimiento y teóricamente mejorar bienestar de la población del país; y la constituyente de 1991, abolieron la centralización y en su lugar instauraron la descentralización. Ante lo anterior, desde entonces ha tratado de hacerse una descentralización fiscal, administrativa y económica; y dentro de estos, la planeación del desarrollo, ya que cada municipio debe planear su desarrollo. . Las estrategias planteadas por las administraciones de los municipios; en primer lugar, son poco ambiciosas; y en segundo lugar, son acciones tradicionales, es decir, son políticas que se han llevado a cabo de forma similar en otras localidades; lo cual es un grave error ya que se deben genera políticas acorde a las características innatas de estos municipios
Background: In planning it is necessary to make a diagnosis using the statistics delivered by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and follow the guidelines stipulated by the National Planning Department (DNP). It is necessary to make it clear that development planning goes beyond generating the necessary conditions to achieve stable economic growth, what it seeks is to reduce the needs of the population, crossing the border of the merely economic. At the same time, understanding that, in order to establish the planning process, it must be taken into account that each territory has different potentialities and needs. Objectives: To analyze the impact of the state of the planning process in Colombia contained in Law 152 of 1994, on the differential conditions of development of the border territories from the logic of socio-legal research. Case of the municipalities of Villa del Rosario and Puerto Santander, Norte de Santander. Materials and Methods: Two main categories of analysis and from which the work indicators are defined are proposed as the methodological basis of the research action. These categories and subcategories are the basis for the definition and application of the research instruments. To advance in the analysis of the effect of the planning process in Colombia, contained in Law 152 of 1994, on the differential conditions of development of the border territories; from the logic of the socio-legal research for the municipalities of Villa del Rosario and Puerto Santander. Results: In general, it can be deduced that technically there is an effort on the part of the territories to plan their development, but this effort is not reflected in the diagnoses and proposed strategies. For example, in the municipality of Villa del Rosario, a diagnosis is made only with secondary information sources, so there is a lack of citizen participation, which is the primary source of information. In the case of the municipality of Puerto Santander, there is evidence of citizen participation, which leads to a better diagnosis. For its part, in the elaboration of the strategies there is evidence of a lack of commitment, and the use of policies coming from national planning; this may be due to the low fiscal performance of the municipalities, since the strategies will be directed only towards the sectors that have resources from the national level. Conclusions: Development planning has become an instrument that countries have to set objectives, the fulfillment of which, in theory, will inevitably improve the welfare of its population. In Colombia, planning after 1991 has been directed towards decentralization. Law 152 of 1994 establishes the guidelines for the formulation and evaluation of the national development plan and the form in which the development plans of the municipalities and departments will be elaborated. In view of the above, it is worth noting that after the liberalization to which Colombia was subjected after 1991, with the Washington consensus and the structural reforms to increase growth and theoretically improve the welfare of the country's population, and the 1991 constituent assembly, centralization was abolished and decentralization was established in its place. Since then, fiscal, administrative and economic decentralization has been sought, and within these, development planning, since each municipality must plan its own development. . The strategies proposed by the administrations of the municipalities; in the first place, are not very ambitious; and in the second place, are traditional actions, that is to say, they are policies that have been carried out in a similar way in other localities; which is a serious mistake since policies should be generated according to the innate characteristics of these municipalities
Background: In planning it is necessary to make a diagnosis using the statistics delivered by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and follow the guidelines stipulated by the National Planning Department (DNP). It is necessary to make it clear that development planning goes beyond generating the necessary conditions to achieve stable economic growth, what it seeks is to reduce the needs of the population, crossing the border of the merely economic. At the same time, understanding that, in order to establish the planning process, it must be taken into account that each territory has different potentialities and needs. Objectives: To analyze the impact of the state of the planning process in Colombia contained in Law 152 of 1994, on the differential conditions of development of the border territories from the logic of socio-legal research. Case of the municipalities of Villa del Rosario and Puerto Santander, Norte de Santander. Materials and Methods: Two main categories of analysis and from which the work indicators are defined are proposed as the methodological basis of the research action. These categories and subcategories are the basis for the definition and application of the research instruments. To advance in the analysis of the effect of the planning process in Colombia, contained in Law 152 of 1994, on the differential conditions of development of the border territories; from the logic of the socio-legal research for the municipalities of Villa del Rosario and Puerto Santander. Results: In general, it can be deduced that technically there is an effort on the part of the territories to plan their development, but this effort is not reflected in the diagnoses and proposed strategies. For example, in the municipality of Villa del Rosario, a diagnosis is made only with secondary information sources, so there is a lack of citizen participation, which is the primary source of information. In the case of the municipality of Puerto Santander, there is evidence of citizen participation, which leads to a better diagnosis. For its part, in the elaboration of the strategies there is evidence of a lack of commitment, and the use of policies coming from national planning; this may be due to the low fiscal performance of the municipalities, since the strategies will be directed only towards the sectors that have resources from the national level. Conclusions: Development planning has become an instrument that countries have to set objectives, the fulfillment of which, in theory, will inevitably improve the welfare of its population. In Colombia, planning after 1991 has been directed towards decentralization. Law 152 of 1994 establishes the guidelines for the formulation and evaluation of the national development plan and the form in which the development plans of the municipalities and departments will be elaborated. In view of the above, it is worth noting that after the liberalization to which Colombia was subjected after 1991, with the Washington consensus and the structural reforms to increase growth and theoretically improve the welfare of the country's population, and the 1991 constituent assembly, centralization was abolished and decentralization was established in its place. Since then, fiscal, administrative and economic decentralization has been sought, and within these, development planning, since each municipality must plan its own development. . The strategies proposed by the administrations of the municipalities; in the first place, are not very ambitious; and in the second place, are traditional actions, that is to say, they are policies that have been carried out in a similar way in other localities; which is a serious mistake since policies should be generated according to the innate characteristics of these municipalities
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Palabras clave
Objetivos, cumplimiento, Instrumento municipalidades, Departamentos, Descentralización, Objectives, Compliance, Instrument, Municipalities, Departments, Decentralization
