Efectividad de la terapia de activación conductual en la evitación experiencial en una mujer con depresión
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Pacheco Celis, María Fernanda
Ramírez Alba, Deicy Yulieth
Rueda Barón, Yeisy Edimar
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente estudio de caso tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de la Terapia de Activación Conductual (AC) en la disminución de la evitación experiencial en una mujer de 24 años con depresión. Se empleó un diseño A–B–A y un enfoque mixto, integrando métodos cuantitativos mediante la aplicación de los instrumentos BADS, BDI-II, HAM-A y AAQ-II, y métodos cualitativos basados en entrevista semiestructurada, registro conductual y observación. En la fase de línea base, los resultados evidenciaron baja activación, niveles moderados de evitación y rumiación, afectación en el funcionamiento académico y social, depresión moderada, ansiedad leve e inflexibilidad psicológica alta. A partir de estos hallazgos se diseñó un plan de intervención estructurado según los principios de la Activación Conductual, centrado en la programación gradual de actividades significativas, la reducción de conductas evitativas y el incremento del compromiso con acciones valiosas.
En el postest se observaron cambios clínicos relevantes. La activación aumentó un 75%, mientras que las conductas de evitación y rumiación disminuyeron un 26.7%. La interferencia académica y laboral se redujo un 20% y el deterioro social un 33.3%. En el ámbito afectivo, el BDI-II mostró una disminución del 17.8%, indicando mejoras en síntomas emocionales y cognitivos. La ansiedad total medida por la HAM-A descendió un 35.3%, pasando de leve a muy leve. Finalmente, el AAQ-II evidenció una reducción del 27.27%, reflejando mayor flexibilidad psicológica. En conjunto, los resultados respaldan la efectividad de la Activación Conductual para disminuir la evitación experiencial y mejorar el funcionamiento integral de la paciente.
The present case study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation (BA) Therapy in reducing experiential avoidance in a 24-year-old woman with depression. An A–B–A design and a mixed-methods approach were employed, integrating quantitative methods through the administration of the BADS, BDI-II, HAM-A, and AAQ-II, and qualitative methods based on a semi-structured interview, behavioral records, and clinical observation. In the baseline phase, results indicated low activation, moderate levels of avoidance and rumination, impairment in academic and social functioning, moderate depression, mild anxiety, and high psychological inflexibility. Based on these findings, an intervention plan was designed following the principles of Behavioral Activation, focusing on the gradual scheduling of meaningful activities, the reduction of avoidant behaviors, and the increase of commitment to value-driven actions. In the posttest, relevant clinical changes were observed. Activation increased by 75%, while avoidance and rumination decreased by 26.7%. Academic and occupational interference decreased by 20%, and social impairment by 33.3%. In the affective domain, the BDI-II showed a 17.8% reduction, indicating improvements in emotional and cognitive symptoms. Total anxiety, measured by the HAM-A, decreased by 35.3%, shifting from mild to very mild levels. Finally, the AAQ-II showed a 27.27% reduction, reflecting greater psychological flexibility. Overall, the results support the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in reducing experiential avoidance and improving the patient’s overall functioning.
The present case study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation (BA) Therapy in reducing experiential avoidance in a 24-year-old woman with depression. An A–B–A design and a mixed-methods approach were employed, integrating quantitative methods through the administration of the BADS, BDI-II, HAM-A, and AAQ-II, and qualitative methods based on a semi-structured interview, behavioral records, and clinical observation. In the baseline phase, results indicated low activation, moderate levels of avoidance and rumination, impairment in academic and social functioning, moderate depression, mild anxiety, and high psychological inflexibility. Based on these findings, an intervention plan was designed following the principles of Behavioral Activation, focusing on the gradual scheduling of meaningful activities, the reduction of avoidant behaviors, and the increase of commitment to value-driven actions. In the posttest, relevant clinical changes were observed. Activation increased by 75%, while avoidance and rumination decreased by 26.7%. Academic and occupational interference decreased by 20%, and social impairment by 33.3%. In the affective domain, the BDI-II showed a 17.8% reduction, indicating improvements in emotional and cognitive symptoms. Total anxiety, measured by the HAM-A, decreased by 35.3%, shifting from mild to very mild levels. Finally, the AAQ-II showed a 27.27% reduction, reflecting greater psychological flexibility. Overall, the results support the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in reducing experiential avoidance and improving the patient’s overall functioning.
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Palabras clave
Activación conductual, Evitación experiencial, Depresión, Inflexibilidad psicológica, Psicoterapia
