Promoción, prevención y detección temprana del cáncer de mama: análisis de su impacto en la UBA Vihonco, Cúcuta
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Torres Fonseca, Lisbeth Yurany
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El cáncer de mama representa uno de los principales desafíos de salud pública tanto mundialmente como en Colombia, debido a su elevada tasa de incidencia, mortalidad y el
impacto biopsicosocial que provoca en la vida de las mujeres. En el país, seguir diagnosticando en etapas avanzadas es algo común, lo que aumenta el riesgo de
complicaciones. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en la Uba Vihonco, ubicada en Cúcuta, con la finalidad de examinar las tácticas de promoción, prevención y detección temprana del cáncer de mama, además de la percepción de las mujeres que utilizan el servicio.
El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar estas tácticas y su efecto en el conocimiento, la participación y los factores de riesgo de las mujeres asociadas a la institución. Se utilizó un enfoque sociocrítico con una metodología cualitativa y un diseño de estudio de caso. La recopilación de la información se efectuó a través de la observación no participante y del análisis de documentos, involucrando a 25 mujeres.
Los hallazgos indican que la clínica lleva a cabo medidas como mamografías, ecografías, biopsias y seguimiento médico, alineadas con la normativa nacional. Sin embargo, se
detectaron barreras sociales, económicas y emocionales, como el miedo al diagnóstico, la carencia de información y las dificultades para acceder, que obstaculizan la efectividad de estas tácticas.
Finalmente, se llega a la conclusión de que, aunque hay acciones institucionales significativas, es imprescindible fortalecer el apoyo psicosocial y la equidad en el acceso a
los servicios.
Breast cancer represents one of the main public health challenges both globally and in Colombia, due to its high incidence and mortality rates, as well as the biopsychosocial impact it has on women's lives. In the country, diagnosis at advanced stages is common, which increases the risk of complications. This research was conducted at the Vihonco Basic Health Unit (UBA Vihonco), located in Cúcuta, to examine the strategies for promoting, preventing, and detecting breast cancer early, as well as the perceptions of women who use the service. The objective of the research was to study these strategies and their effect on the knowledge, participation, and risk factors of the women associated with the institution. A socio-critical approach was used with a qualitative methodology and a case study design. Data collection was carried out through non-participant observation and document analysis, involving 25 women The findings indicate that the clinic performs measures such as mammograms, ultrasounds, biopsies, and medical follow-up, in accordance with national regulations. However, social, economic, and emotional barriers were identified, such as fear of diagnosis, lack of information, and difficulties accessing services, which hinder the effectiveness of these tactics. Finally, it is concluded that, although there are significant institutional actions, it is essential to strengthen psychosocial support and equity in access to services.
Breast cancer represents one of the main public health challenges both globally and in Colombia, due to its high incidence and mortality rates, as well as the biopsychosocial impact it has on women's lives. In the country, diagnosis at advanced stages is common, which increases the risk of complications. This research was conducted at the Vihonco Basic Health Unit (UBA Vihonco), located in Cúcuta, to examine the strategies for promoting, preventing, and detecting breast cancer early, as well as the perceptions of women who use the service. The objective of the research was to study these strategies and their effect on the knowledge, participation, and risk factors of the women associated with the institution. A socio-critical approach was used with a qualitative methodology and a case study design. Data collection was carried out through non-participant observation and document analysis, involving 25 women The findings indicate that the clinic performs measures such as mammograms, ultrasounds, biopsies, and medical follow-up, in accordance with national regulations. However, social, economic, and emotional barriers were identified, such as fear of diagnosis, lack of information, and difficulties accessing services, which hinder the effectiveness of these tactics. Finally, it is concluded that, although there are significant institutional actions, it is essential to strengthen psychosocial support and equity in access to services.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Cáncer de mama, Prevención, Promoción, Detección, Salud
