Condición de habitabilidad en calle: una mirada social desde San José de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Mojica Rodríguez, Kelly Johanna
Orozco García, Estefanía
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La habitabilidad en calle es una problemática social compleja que refleja profundas desigualdades estructurales, económicas y sociales, así como la ruptura de vínculos familiares y la exclusión. No se limita a la ausencia de vivienda, sino que constituye una condición multidimensional que afecta el ejercicio pleno de los derechos humanos. En Colombia, su abordaje normativo se sustenta en la Ley 1641 de 2013, el Decreto 1285 de 2022 y la Política Pública Social para Habitantes de la Calle 2022–2031. En San José de Cúcuta, esta situación se ha intensificado debido a factores como pobreza, desempleo, migración, desplazamiento forzado, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y debilitamiento de redes de apoyo.
El objetivo general fue analizar los factores sociales que inciden en la permanencia en calle en el municipio, mediante una revisión documental orientada a fortalecer las políticas públicas locales. Se empleó el paradigma sociocrítico, enfoque cualitativo y método de teoría fundamentada. La técnica principal fue la revisión sistemática de planes de desarrollo, informes institucionales y documentos académicos, organizados en matrices de análisis.
Los resultados evidencian causas sociales, económicas y familiares interrelacionados. Los planes municipales 2020–2023 y 2024–2027 identifican exclusión social, precariedad laboral, pobreza estructural y efectos de la pandemia como factores determinantes. Las estrategias incluyen atención integral, centros temporales e inclusión social.
Street homelessness is a complex social problem that reflects deep structural, economic, and social inequalities, as well as the breakdown of family ties and social exclusion. It is not limited to the absence of housing but constitutes a multidimensional condition that restricts the full exercise of human rights. In Colombia, its regulatory framework is supported by Law 1641 of 2013, Decree 1285 of 2022, and the Public Social Policy for Homeless People 2022–2031. In San José de Cúcuta, this situation has intensified due to factors such as poverty, unemployment, migration, forced displacement, substance use, and the weakening of family and community support networks.The main objective of this research was to analyze the social factors influencing homelessness in the municipality through a documentary review aimed at strengthening local public policies. The study followed a socio-critical paradigm with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The primary technique was the systematic review of municipal development plans, institutional reports, and academic documents, organized into analytical matrices. Findings reveal interrelated social, economic, and family factors. The 2020–2023 and 2024–2027 municipal development plans identify social exclusion, labor precariousness, structural poverty, and the socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as key determinants. Implemented strategies include comprehensive care, temporary shelters, and social inclusion processes. t is concluded that homelessness is a multicausal phenomenon requiring comprehensive and sustained responses.
Street homelessness is a complex social problem that reflects deep structural, economic, and social inequalities, as well as the breakdown of family ties and social exclusion. It is not limited to the absence of housing but constitutes a multidimensional condition that restricts the full exercise of human rights. In Colombia, its regulatory framework is supported by Law 1641 of 2013, Decree 1285 of 2022, and the Public Social Policy for Homeless People 2022–2031. In San José de Cúcuta, this situation has intensified due to factors such as poverty, unemployment, migration, forced displacement, substance use, and the weakening of family and community support networks.The main objective of this research was to analyze the social factors influencing homelessness in the municipality through a documentary review aimed at strengthening local public policies. The study followed a socio-critical paradigm with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The primary technique was the systematic review of municipal development plans, institutional reports, and academic documents, organized into analytical matrices. Findings reveal interrelated social, economic, and family factors. The 2020–2023 and 2024–2027 municipal development plans identify social exclusion, labor precariousness, structural poverty, and the socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as key determinants. Implemented strategies include comprehensive care, temporary shelters, and social inclusion processes. t is concluded that homelessness is a multicausal phenomenon requiring comprehensive and sustained responses.
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Palabras clave
Factores sociales, Habitabilidad en calle, Estrategias institucionales, Reinserción social, Resocialización
