Responsabilidad médica en el uso de dispositivos médicos basados en inteligencia artificial para la emisión de diagnósticos: Análisis probatorio en el proceso judicial colombiano
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Oviedo Leal, Nidia Alejandra
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La evolución y avance de los equipos médicos impulsados por inteligencia artificial (IA), ha venido transformando de alguna manera los diagnósticos clínicos y la toma de decisiones en la salud de las personas. Su implementación genera nuevos retos jurídicos, especialmente en materia de responsabilidad médica y sus efectos en la valoración probatoria. Este artículo analizará si los diagnósticos médicos generados por sistemas inteligentes pueden considerarse prueba válida, confiable y eficaz dentro del proceso judicial colombiano, considerando los estándares de autenticidad, integridad y confiabilidad exigidos por el ordenamiento jurídico. Asimismo, se determinarán los criterios para atribuir responsabilidad médica cuando el profesional de la salud fundamenta sus decisiones en tecnologías IA, identificando en cierta medida la existencia de vacíos legales.
A través de un análisis jurisprudencial, doctrinal y normativo, se estudiará si la información generada por estas tecnologías IA, pueden constituirse en pruebas válidas dentro del proceso judicial colombiano, y cuáles son los requisitos para garantizar su valor probatorio y qué implicaciones tienen en la configuración de la responsabilidad médica. Asimismo, se revisarán los escenarios de imputación de responsabilidad médica por error humano asistido por la IA, imprecisiones del algoritmo, deficiencias en la supervisión o mantenimiento del dispositivo, y riesgos derivados del uso inapropiado de interfaces tecnológicas por parte del personal médico.
The development and increasing use of medical devices powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed clinical diagnosis and decision-making processes, while simultaneously raising new legal challenges in the field of medical liability and evidentiary assessment. This article examines whether medical opinions generated by intelligent systems may be considered valid, reliable, and effective evidence in Colombian judicial proceedings, in light of the standards of authenticity, integrity, and trustworthiness required by procedural law. It also analyzes the criteria for attributing medical liability when healthcare professionals rely on AI-based technologies, in a context marked by the absence of specific regulation. Using a doctrinal, jurisprudential, and normative methodology, the study evaluates the admissibility and probative value of information produced by AI systems, the technical and legal requirements necessary to support such evidence, and the implications of these findings for the configuration of medical liability. In addition, it identifies liability scenarios arising from algorithmic errors, deficiencies in supervision or maintenance, and human intervention in AI assisted clinical decisions. The article concludes that, although AI-generated medical outputs may serve as evidence, their probative force depends on strict compliance with evidentiary standards and often requires corroboration through expert analysis.
The development and increasing use of medical devices powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed clinical diagnosis and decision-making processes, while simultaneously raising new legal challenges in the field of medical liability and evidentiary assessment. This article examines whether medical opinions generated by intelligent systems may be considered valid, reliable, and effective evidence in Colombian judicial proceedings, in light of the standards of authenticity, integrity, and trustworthiness required by procedural law. It also analyzes the criteria for attributing medical liability when healthcare professionals rely on AI-based technologies, in a context marked by the absence of specific regulation. Using a doctrinal, jurisprudential, and normative methodology, the study evaluates the admissibility and probative value of information produced by AI systems, the technical and legal requirements necessary to support such evidence, and the implications of these findings for the configuration of medical liability. In addition, it identifies liability scenarios arising from algorithmic errors, deficiencies in supervision or maintenance, and human intervention in AI assisted clinical decisions. The article concludes that, although AI-generated medical outputs may serve as evidence, their probative force depends on strict compliance with evidentiary standards and often requires corroboration through expert analysis.
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Palabras clave
Responsabilidad, Médica, Inteligencia Artificial (IA), Derecho, Probatorio
