Protocolo unificado transdiagnóstico de trastornos emocionales (UP) y sus efectos sobre la autoestima y los hábitos de autocuidado paciente femenino con dismorfia
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Rubio Escobar, Yngrid Karina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente estudio de caso clínico describe la intervención psicológica realizada con una paciente femenina con diagnóstico de trastorno dismórfico corporal, caracterizado por
preocupación intensa por defectos percibidos, autocrítica severa y conductas evitativas asociadas a la imagen corporal. El objetivo central fue evaluar los efectos del Protocolo
Unificado (PU) para el tratamiento transdiagnóstico de los trastornos emocionales sobre la autoestima y los hábitos de autocuidado. El diseño corresponde a un estudio de caso con línea de base múltiple tipo A-B-A, empleando como variables dependientes los niveles de ansiedad, depresión, distorsión corporal y funcionamiento emocional general. Se utilizaron instrumentos estandarizados como el BAI, BDI-II y BDD-YBOCS para evaluar cambios durante las fases del tratamiento. La intervención incluyó entrenamiento en conciencia emocional, regulación fisiológica, reestructuración cognitiva, exposición gradual a emociones evitadas y fortalecimiento de habilidades de autocuidado desde un enfoque de flexibilidad emocional. Los resultados evidencian una reducción significativa de los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos, así como una mejora en la valoración corporal y en la identificación de pensamientos disfuncionales relacionados con la apariencia. Se observó además un incremento de la autoestima y un restablecimiento progresivo de hábitos de autocuidado, especialmente en rutinas de alimentación, higiene y actividades placenteras. El estudio demuestra la utilidad del Protocolo Unificado como herramienta clínica efectiva para intervenir en trastornos emocionales con alta comorbilidad y presencia de sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva asociada a la imagen corporal. Se discuten implicaciones terapéuticas y recomendaciones para la continuidad del proceso, subrayando la importancia de las intervenciones transdiagnóstico integradoras con perspectiva de género.
This clinical case study describes the psychological intervention provided to a female patient diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder, characterized by intense preoccupation with perceived physical flaws, severe self-criticism, and avoidance behaviors. The main objective was to examine the effects of the Unified Protocol (UP) for transdiagnostic emotional disorders on self-esteem and self-care habits. A multiple-baseline single-case A-B-A design was implemented, using standardized measures—including the BAI, BDI-II, and BDD-YBOCS—to assess anxiety, depression, bodyimage distortion, and overall emotional functioning. The intervention consisted of emotional awareness training, physiological regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal, gradual emotional exposure, and enhancement of self-care skills within a framework of emotional flexibility. Results showed a significant reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms, along with improvements in body-image evaluation and dysfunctional appearance-related cognitions. Additionally, notable increases in self-esteem and progressive restoration of self-care habits were observed, particularly in daily routines involving nutrition, hygiene, and engagement in pleasurable activities. These findings support the Unified Protocol as an effective clinical approach for treating highly comorbid emotional disorders with obsessive–compulsive features related to body image. Therapeutic implications and recommendations for continued treatment are discussed, emphasizing the relevance of integrative, gender-sensitive, transdiagnostic interventions in clinical settings.
This clinical case study describes the psychological intervention provided to a female patient diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder, characterized by intense preoccupation with perceived physical flaws, severe self-criticism, and avoidance behaviors. The main objective was to examine the effects of the Unified Protocol (UP) for transdiagnostic emotional disorders on self-esteem and self-care habits. A multiple-baseline single-case A-B-A design was implemented, using standardized measures—including the BAI, BDI-II, and BDD-YBOCS—to assess anxiety, depression, bodyimage distortion, and overall emotional functioning. The intervention consisted of emotional awareness training, physiological regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal, gradual emotional exposure, and enhancement of self-care skills within a framework of emotional flexibility. Results showed a significant reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms, along with improvements in body-image evaluation and dysfunctional appearance-related cognitions. Additionally, notable increases in self-esteem and progressive restoration of self-care habits were observed, particularly in daily routines involving nutrition, hygiene, and engagement in pleasurable activities. These findings support the Unified Protocol as an effective clinical approach for treating highly comorbid emotional disorders with obsessive–compulsive features related to body image. Therapeutic implications and recommendations for continued treatment are discussed, emphasizing the relevance of integrative, gender-sensitive, transdiagnostic interventions in clinical settings.
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Palabras clave
Dismorfia corporal, Protocolo unificado, Autoestima, Autocuidado, Trastornos emocionales
