Nanopartículas como estrategia para mejorar la especificidad en la administración de tratamientos oncológicos
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Arroyo Rodelo, Carolina
Flórez Tejada, Yulianys Andrea
Ortiz Escobar, Paully Angeline
Salazar Beltrán, Adriana Carolina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomedicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomedicas
Resumen
El presente proyecto tuvo como finalidad analizar el uso de nanopartículas como estrategia para mejorar la especificidad en la administración de tratamientos oncológicos, con un enfoque delimitado al cáncer de ovario y el adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático. La investigación surgió debido a las limitaciones de la quimioterapia convencional, la cual presenta baja selectividad y genera efectos secundarios importantes al afectar tanto células tumorales como células sanas. Se buscó evaluar cómo las nanopartículas pueden mejorar la eficacia terapéutica, aumentar la biodisponibilidad de los fármacos y reducir la toxicidad sistémica en comparación con los tratamientos tradicionales. Se empleó una revisión documental narrativa con elementos sistemáticos y enfoque descriptivo. La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos de alta prioridad como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando ecuaciones de búsqueda booleanas. Se identificaron inicialmente 50 artículos, de los cuales 24 cumplieron con los criterios de calidad GRADE e inclusión para el análisis final. Los resultados revelaron que plataformas como liposomas y nanopartículas poliméricas permiten una liberación dirigida mediante targeting activo y pasivo. Se reportaron mejoras de hasta un 40% en la acumulación tumoral y una reducción de efectos adversos sistémicos en modelos de ovario y páncreas. Se concluye que la hipótesis de investigación fue validada, confirmando que las nanopartículas optimizan la especificidad terapéutica, aunque persisten retos en la producción a gran escala y la heterogeneidad tumoral.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as a strategy to improve specificity in the administration of oncological treatments, with a scope delimited to ovarian cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The research arose due to the limitations of conventional chemotherapy, which exhibits low selectivity and generates significant side effects by affecting both tumor and healthy cells. The study sought to evaluate how nanoparticles can improve therapeutic efficacy, increase drug bioavailability, and reduce systemic toxicity compared to traditional treatments. A narrative documentary review with systematic elements and a descriptive approach was employed. The search was conducted in high-priority databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, utilizing boolean search equations. Initially, 50 records were identified, of which 17 were duplicates, leaving 33 records for title and abstract screening; 26 were assessed in full text, and 24 articles ultimately met the GRADE quality and inclusion criteria for the final analysis. The results revealed that platforms such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles allow for targeted release through active and passive targeting. Improvements of up to 40% in tumor accumulation and a reduction in systemic adverse effects were reported in ovarian and pancreatic models. It is concluded that the research hypothesis was validated, confirming that nanoparticles optimize therapeutic specificity, although challenges in large-scale production and tumor heterogeneity persist.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as a strategy to improve specificity in the administration of oncological treatments, with a scope delimited to ovarian cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The research arose due to the limitations of conventional chemotherapy, which exhibits low selectivity and generates significant side effects by affecting both tumor and healthy cells. The study sought to evaluate how nanoparticles can improve therapeutic efficacy, increase drug bioavailability, and reduce systemic toxicity compared to traditional treatments. A narrative documentary review with systematic elements and a descriptive approach was employed. The search was conducted in high-priority databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, utilizing boolean search equations. Initially, 50 records were identified, of which 17 were duplicates, leaving 33 records for title and abstract screening; 26 were assessed in full text, and 24 articles ultimately met the GRADE quality and inclusion criteria for the final analysis. The results revealed that platforms such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles allow for targeted release through active and passive targeting. Improvements of up to 40% in tumor accumulation and a reduction in systemic adverse effects were reported in ovarian and pancreatic models. It is concluded that the research hypothesis was validated, confirming that nanoparticles optimize therapeutic specificity, although challenges in large-scale production and tumor heterogeneity persist.
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Palabras clave
Nanotecnología, Nanopartículas, Cáncer de ovario, Cáncer de páncreas, Especificidad terapéutica
