Optimización del diseño de herramienta para manicura: desarrollo de un prototipo ergonómico de limpia cutículas para mejorar el confort, la seguridad y la productividad laboral
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Ahumada Ahumada, Karin Paola
Rubio Jiménez, Oscar Marceliano
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: El trabajo de manicura exige precisión, repetición de movimientos, fuerza de pinza y posturas mantenidas de muñeca, mano, cuello y tronco. Estas condiciones, sumadas al uso prolongado de herramientas manuales delgadas y rígidas, pueden incrementar la fatiga y la probabilidad de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en trabajadoras del sector estético. Objetivo: diseñar una propuesta de rediseño ergonómico de la herramienta limpia cutícula utilizada por una manicurista, con el fin de disminuir los riesgos biomecánicos, mejorar la usabilidad y favorecer el bienestar y la productividad laboral. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y aplicado, con enfoque ergonómico y de prototipado. Se analizaron el sistema ser humano-herramienta-entorno, las características del limpia cutículas, los gestos técnicos, el agarre tipo pinza, las dimensiones antropométricas de la mano y los índices morfológico, antropométrico, biomecánico, sensorial, cognitivo y ambiental. Se mantuvieron registros fotográficos del uso de la herramienta y se aplicaron matrices comparativas para orientar la selección de materiales y requerimientos del rediseño. Resultados: se identificaron como puntos críticos el diámetro reducido del mango, la textura rígida, la presión localizada en pulpejos, la desviación radial/cubital de la muñeca y la necesidad de mayor control fino. La propuesta integra un mango de mayor diámetro, recubrimiento antideslizante, eje angulado tipo bayoneta y selección de material metálico liviano con recubrimiento elastomérico. Conclusión: el rediseño ergonómico del limpia cutículas constituye una alternativa pertinente para mejorar la adaptación mano-herramienta, disminuir la carga biomecánica y fortalecer la seguridad, el confort y la eficiencia en la actividad de manicura.
Introduction: Manicure work requires precision, repetitive movements, pinch force, and sustained postures of the wrist, hand, neck, and trunk. These conditions, together with the prolonged use of thin and rigid hand tools, may increase fatigue and the likelihood of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among beauty-sector workers. Objective: To design an ergonomic redesign proposal for a cuticle pusher/remover used by a manicurist, aiming to reduce biomechanical risks, improve usability, and promote occupational well-being and productivity. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive and applied study with an ergonomic and prototyping approach. The human-tool-environment system, the characteristics of the cuticle tool, technical gestures, pencil-type pinch grip, hand anthropometric dimensions, and the morphological, anthropometric, biomechanical, sensory, cognitive, and environmental ergonomic indices were analyzed. Photographic records of tool use were preserved, and comparative matrices were applied to guide material selection and redesign requirements. Results: The main critical points were the small handle diameter, rigid texture, localized pressure on the fingertips, radial/ulnar wrist deviation, and the need for greater fine motor control. The proposal includes a larger-diameter handle, non-slip coating, bayonet-type angled shaft, and selection of a lightweight metallic material with elastomeric coating. Conclusion: The ergonomic redesign of the cuticle tool is a relevant alternative to improve hand-tool fit, reduce biomechanical load, and strengthen safety, comfort, and efficiency in manicure work.
Introduction: Manicure work requires precision, repetitive movements, pinch force, and sustained postures of the wrist, hand, neck, and trunk. These conditions, together with the prolonged use of thin and rigid hand tools, may increase fatigue and the likelihood of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among beauty-sector workers. Objective: To design an ergonomic redesign proposal for a cuticle pusher/remover used by a manicurist, aiming to reduce biomechanical risks, improve usability, and promote occupational well-being and productivity. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive and applied study with an ergonomic and prototyping approach. The human-tool-environment system, the characteristics of the cuticle tool, technical gestures, pencil-type pinch grip, hand anthropometric dimensions, and the morphological, anthropometric, biomechanical, sensory, cognitive, and environmental ergonomic indices were analyzed. Photographic records of tool use were preserved, and comparative matrices were applied to guide material selection and redesign requirements. Results: The main critical points were the small handle diameter, rigid texture, localized pressure on the fingertips, radial/ulnar wrist deviation, and the need for greater fine motor control. The proposal includes a larger-diameter handle, non-slip coating, bayonet-type angled shaft, and selection of a lightweight metallic material with elastomeric coating. Conclusion: The ergonomic redesign of the cuticle tool is a relevant alternative to improve hand-tool fit, reduce biomechanical load, and strengthen safety, comfort, and efficiency in manicure work.
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Palabras clave
Ergonomía, Manicura, Herramienta manual, Trastornos musculoesqueléticos, Antropometría, Diseño centrado en el usuario
