Análisis ergonómico de los puestos de trabajo en la sala de informática MC203 de la Universidad Simón Bolívar: estudio de caso con aplicación del método RULA
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Cantillo Pérez, Luz Amelia
Monterroza Acevedo, Mary Mirleida
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Cencias de la Salud
Facultad de Cencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: La ergonomía es una disciplina científica orientada a optimizar la interacción entre el ser humano y su entorno laboral o académico, con el propósito de promover la salud, el bienestar y la eficiencia. En los espacios universitarios, el uso prolongado de computadores en condiciones físicas inadecuadas representa un factor de riesgo biomecánico que puede derivar en trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) y deterioro del rendimiento académico. La sala de informática MC203 de una institución de educación superior constituye un escenario donde confluyen múltiples factores de riesgo ergonómico asociados a las condiciones del mobiliario, el diseño espacial y la organización de las actividades académicas.
Objetivo: Realizar un análisis ergonómico de los puestos de trabajo en la sala de informática MC203 de la Universidad Simón Bolívar, mediante la aplicación del método RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), con el fin de identificar factores de riesgo biomecánico, físico, cognitivo y organizacional, y proponer medidas de intervención orientadas al mejoramiento de las condiciones ergonómicas del entorno académico.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la sala MC203, con capacidad para 23 estudiantes en un área de 37,64 m². La evaluación se llevó a cabo mediante observación directa de las condiciones del entorno, análisis del mobiliario, distribución espacial y comportamiento postural de los estudiantes durante jornadas académicas continuas de aproximadamente dos horas. Para la evaluación del riesgo postural se aplicó el método RULA, herramienta validada internacionalmente para la valoración de la carga biomecánica en actividades sedentarias con uso de computador. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con posturas adoptadas, tiempo de exposición, características del mobiliario y condiciones ambientales del aula.
Introduction: Ergonomics is a scientific discipline aimed at optimizing the interaction between human beings and their work or academic environment to promote health, well-being, and efficiency. In university settings, prolonged computer use under inadequate physical conditions represents a biomechanical risk factor that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and deterioration of academic performance. Computer room MC203 at Universidad Simón Bolívar is a setting where multiple ergonomic risk factors converge, related to furniture conditions, spatial design, and the organization of academic activities. Objective: To conduct an ergonomic analysis of the workstations in computer room MC203 at Universidad Simón Bolívar, through the application of the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) method, to identify biomechanical, physical, cognitive, and organizational risk factors, and propose intervention measures aimed at improving ergonomic conditions in the academic environment. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in computer room MC203, which accommodates 23 students in an area of 37.64 m². The ergonomic assessment was carried out through direct observation of environmental conditions, furniture analysis, spatial distribution, and postural behavior of students during continuous academic sessions of approximately two hours. The RULA method was applied for postural risk assessment, an internationally validated tool for evaluating biomechanical load in sedentary activities with computer use. Variables related to adopted postures, exposure time, furniture characteristics, and classroom environmental conditions were analyzed.
Introduction: Ergonomics is a scientific discipline aimed at optimizing the interaction between human beings and their work or academic environment to promote health, well-being, and efficiency. In university settings, prolonged computer use under inadequate physical conditions represents a biomechanical risk factor that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and deterioration of academic performance. Computer room MC203 at Universidad Simón Bolívar is a setting where multiple ergonomic risk factors converge, related to furniture conditions, spatial design, and the organization of academic activities. Objective: To conduct an ergonomic analysis of the workstations in computer room MC203 at Universidad Simón Bolívar, through the application of the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) method, to identify biomechanical, physical, cognitive, and organizational risk factors, and propose intervention measures aimed at improving ergonomic conditions in the academic environment. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in computer room MC203, which accommodates 23 students in an area of 37.64 m². The ergonomic assessment was carried out through direct observation of environmental conditions, furniture analysis, spatial distribution, and postural behavior of students during continuous academic sessions of approximately two hours. The RULA method was applied for postural risk assessment, an internationally validated tool for evaluating biomechanical load in sedentary activities with computer use. Variables related to adopted postures, exposure time, furniture characteristics, and classroom environmental conditions were analyzed.
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Palabras clave
Ergonomía, Sala de informática, Peligro biomecánico, Estudiantes universitarios, Método RULA, Lesiones por trauma acumulativo
