Célula artificial con membrana lípido-polimérica desarrollada a base de mucilago de Aloe vera (Acemanano) para la encapsulación de compuestos bioactivos: un enfoque en la aplicación biomédica y agrícola
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Polo Marchena, Liz Johana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
El diseño de sistemas avanzados de encapsulación basados en biopolímeros y lípidos representa una estrategia prometedora para la protección, estabilización y liberación controlada de compuestos bioactivos en aplicaciones biomédicas y agrícolas. En este proyecto se diseñaron y evaluaron células artificiales con membrana lipido-polimerica, empleando como matriz principal el Acemanano, polisacárido extraído del mucilago de Aloe Vera, caracterizado por su biocompatibilidad, biodegradabilidad y capacidad de interacción molecular con otros componentes (Albúmina). El mucilago fue extraído y purificado mediante precipitación alcohólica, y el Acemanano obtenido fue caracterizado por Dispersión estática de la luz (SLS) determinándose su comportamiento polimérico y estabilidad en solución, Posteriormente, se formaron microesferas poliméricas que permitieron la encapsulación de un bioactivo modelo (albúmina sérica bovina marcada con fluoresceína, BSA-FITC), evaluando las interacciones polímero–proteína mediante espectroscopia de fluorescencia y análisis de tamaño hidrodinámico por dispersión de luz dinámica (DLS). Adicionalmente, se llevó a cabo la extracción y purificación de fosfolípidos a partir de lecitina de soya, los cuales fueron ensamblados alrededor de las microesferas de Acemanano para generar estructuras híbridas semejantes a células artificiales. La formación del ensamblaje lípido-polimérico se confirmó mediante microscopía óptica, microscopía de fluorescencia y variaciones en la intensidad fluorescente, evidenciando interacciones supramoleculares estables entre los componentes del sistema. Los resultados demuestran que el Acemanano es un biopolímero funcional para la fabricación de células artificiales hibridas, capaz de interactuar con compuestos bioactivos y fosfolipidos, favoreciéndola formación de estructuras organizadas, estables y potencialmente aptas para la encapsulación y liberación controlada.
The design of advanced encapsulation systems based on biopolymers and lipids represents a promising strategy for the protection, stabilization, and controlled release of bioactive compounds in biomedical and agricultural applications. In this project, artificial cells with a lipid-polymer membrane were designed and evaluated, using Acemannan—a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera mucilage—as the main matrix. Acemannan is characterized by its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to interact molecularly with other components (albumin). The mucilage was extracted and purified via alcoholic precipitation, and the resulting Acemannan was characterized by Static Light Scattering (SLS) to determine its polymeric behavior and stability in solution. Subsequently, polymeric microspheres were formed that allowed for the encapsulation of a model bioactive compound (fluorescein-labeled bovine serum albumin, BSA-FITC), and polymer–protein interactions were evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy and hydrodynamic size analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Additionally, Phospholipids were extracted and purified from soy lecithin, and these were assembled around Acemannan microspheres to generate hybrid structures resembling artificial cells. The formation of the lipid-polymer assembly was confirmed by optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and variations in fluorescence intensity, demonstrating stable supramolecular interactions between the system’s components. The results demonstrate that Acemannan is a functional biopolymer for the fabrication of hybrid artificial cells, capable of interacting with bioactive compounds and phospholipids, favoring the formation of organized, stable structures that are potentially suitable for encapsulation and controlled release.
The design of advanced encapsulation systems based on biopolymers and lipids represents a promising strategy for the protection, stabilization, and controlled release of bioactive compounds in biomedical and agricultural applications. In this project, artificial cells with a lipid-polymer membrane were designed and evaluated, using Acemannan—a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera mucilage—as the main matrix. Acemannan is characterized by its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to interact molecularly with other components (albumin). The mucilage was extracted and purified via alcoholic precipitation, and the resulting Acemannan was characterized by Static Light Scattering (SLS) to determine its polymeric behavior and stability in solution. Subsequently, polymeric microspheres were formed that allowed for the encapsulation of a model bioactive compound (fluorescein-labeled bovine serum albumin, BSA-FITC), and polymer–protein interactions were evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy and hydrodynamic size analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Additionally, Phospholipids were extracted and purified from soy lecithin, and these were assembled around Acemannan microspheres to generate hybrid structures resembling artificial cells. The formation of the lipid-polymer assembly was confirmed by optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and variations in fluorescence intensity, demonstrating stable supramolecular interactions between the system’s components. The results demonstrate that Acemannan is a functional biopolymer for the fabrication of hybrid artificial cells, capable of interacting with bioactive compounds and phospholipids, favoring the formation of organized, stable structures that are potentially suitable for encapsulation and controlled release.
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Palabras clave
Acemanano, Célula artificial, Encapsulación, Bioactivos, Membranahibrida, Dispersión de luz dinámica
