Retos jurídicos y éticos de la responsabilidad algorítmica por actos de discriminación, violencia y acoso laboral automatizado en el mundo del trabajo
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Rueda Lázaro, Jesús Manuel
Guerrero Murcia, Yahilan Alejandra
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los desafíos jurídicos y éticos asociados a la configuración de un régimen de responsabilidad algorítmica frente a actos de discriminación, violencia y acoso laboral automatizado en el mundo del trabajo, con miras a proponer lineamientos normativos orientados a la protección efectiva de los derechos fundamentales del trabajador. Se desarrolló una investigación jurídica de enfoque cualitativo, inscrita en el paradigma hermenéutico jurídico y con diseño de teoría fundamentada de carácter constructivista, complementada con los métodos dogmático jurídico y lógico deductivo. Como técnicas de recolección de información se empleó la revisión documental, mediante el instrumento matriz de análisis. Así mismo, se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada, aplicada a 5 magistrados de la jurisdicción ordinaria laboral, mediante un instrumento previamente validado por juicio de experto, estructurado en categorías analíticas relativas a responsabilidad algorítmica, desafíos ético-jurídicos y propuestas de régimen normativo. El análisis se realizó mediante codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, siguiendo el método comparativo constante. Los resultados evidencian que la discriminación, violencia y el acoso algorítmico constituyen manifestaciones contemporáneas de discriminación estructural mediada por sistemas automatizados opacos, que desplazan el poder decisional laboral y tensionan las reglas clásicas de imputación subjetiva, imponiendo la necesidad de inversión de la carga probatoria, presunciones de discriminación y control estructural del algoritmo. Se concluye que el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano requiere un régimen objetivo de responsabilidad algorítmica laboral, basado en corresponsabilidad tecnológica condicionada, transparencia, prevención estructural y reparación integral, preventiva, restaurativa y transformadora
The present study aimed to analyze the legal and ethical challenges associated with the establishment of an algorithmic liability regime in response to acts of discrimination, violence, and automated workplace harassment in the world of work, with a view to proposing normative guidelines aimed at ensuring the effective protection of workers’ fundamental rights. The research adopted a qualitative legal approach grounded in the hermeneutic legal paradigm and designed under a constructivist grounded theory framework, complemented by doctrinal legal analysis and the logical-deductive method. Data collection techniques included documentary review, systematized through an analytical matrix, and semi-structured interviews conducted with five judges from the ordinary labor jurisdiction, using an instrument previously validated through expert judgment and structured around analytical categories related to algorithmic liability, ethical-legal challenges, and proposals for normative regulation. The analysis was carried out through open, axial, and selective coding, following the constant comparative method. The findings reveal that algorithmic discrimination, violence, and harassment constitute contemporary forms of structural discrimination mediated by opaque automated systems that displace labor decision-making power and strain the classical rules of subjective fault-based liability, thereby necessitating mechanisms such as the reversal of the burden of proof, presumptions of discrimination, and structural oversight of algorithms. It is concluded that the Colombian legal system requires the establishment of an objective regime of algorithmic labor liability, grounded in conditioned technological co-responsibility, transparency, structural prevention, and comprehensive reparation with preventive, restorative, and transformative dimensions
The present study aimed to analyze the legal and ethical challenges associated with the establishment of an algorithmic liability regime in response to acts of discrimination, violence, and automated workplace harassment in the world of work, with a view to proposing normative guidelines aimed at ensuring the effective protection of workers’ fundamental rights. The research adopted a qualitative legal approach grounded in the hermeneutic legal paradigm and designed under a constructivist grounded theory framework, complemented by doctrinal legal analysis and the logical-deductive method. Data collection techniques included documentary review, systematized through an analytical matrix, and semi-structured interviews conducted with five judges from the ordinary labor jurisdiction, using an instrument previously validated through expert judgment and structured around analytical categories related to algorithmic liability, ethical-legal challenges, and proposals for normative regulation. The analysis was carried out through open, axial, and selective coding, following the constant comparative method. The findings reveal that algorithmic discrimination, violence, and harassment constitute contemporary forms of structural discrimination mediated by opaque automated systems that displace labor decision-making power and strain the classical rules of subjective fault-based liability, thereby necessitating mechanisms such as the reversal of the burden of proof, presumptions of discrimination, and structural oversight of algorithms. It is concluded that the Colombian legal system requires the establishment of an objective regime of algorithmic labor liability, grounded in conditioned technological co-responsibility, transparency, structural prevention, and comprehensive reparation with preventive, restorative, and transformative dimensions
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Acoso laboral, Inteligencia artificial, Discriminación, Violencia algorítmica y responsabilidad algorítmica
