La valoración de la prueba digital en el proceso penal colombiano, sus desafíos y garantías frente a la cadena de custodia
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2026
Autores
Orduz Boton, Anyela Silvana
Cabrera Martinez, Marlio Alejandro
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La presente investigación aborda la valoración de la prueba digital en el proceso penal colombiano, centrándose en los desafíos que plantea su incorporación y apreciación probatoria frente a las exigencias de la cadena de custodia y las garantías del debido proceso. En un contexto de transformación digital, el uso creciente de dispositivos electrónicos y plataformas tecnológicas ha convertido la evidencia digital en un elemento decisivo dentro de las investigaciones penales, lo que exige un análisis riguroso de los criterios jurídicos y técnicos que sustentan su validez. Metodológicamente, la investigación se desarrolló desde un paradigma interpretativo, con enfoque cualitativo y diseño documental y descriptivo-analítico, mediante la revisión de normas, jurisprudencia, doctrina especializada e informes institucionales. Los resultados evidencian que, aunque el ordenamiento jurídico reconoce la prueba digital como medio probatorio válido, persisten vacíos normativos, deficiencias técnicas y dificultades operativas que afectan la correcta aplicación de la cadena de custodia, incrementando el riesgo de exclusiones probatorias y nulidades procesales. Se concluye que el fortalecimiento de la valoración de la prueba digital requiere la articulación de desarrollo normativo, capacitación especializada y protocolos técnicos uniformes, con el fin de garantizar procesos penales más transparentes, confiables y respetuosos de los derechos fundamentales.
This research addresses the assessment of digital evidence in Colombian criminal proceedings, focusing on the challenges posed by its incorporation and evidentiary evaluation in light of chain of custody requirements and due process guarantees. In the context of digital transformation, the growing use of electronic devices and technological platforms has made digital evidence a decisive element in criminal investigations, requiring a rigorous analysis of the legal and technical criteria that support its validity. Methodologically, the research was developed from an interpretive paradigm, with a qualitative approach and a documentary and descriptive analytical design, through the review of regulations, case law, specialized doctrine, and institutional reports. The results show that, although the legal system recognizes digital evidence as a valid means of proof, there are still regulatory gaps, technical deficiencies, and operational difficulties that affect the correct application of the chain of custody, increasing the risk of evidentiary exclusions and procedural nullities. It is concluded that strengthening the assessment of digital evidence requires the coordination of regulatory development, specialized training, and uniform technical protocols in order to ensure more transparent and reliable criminal proceedings that respect fundamental rights.
This research addresses the assessment of digital evidence in Colombian criminal proceedings, focusing on the challenges posed by its incorporation and evidentiary evaluation in light of chain of custody requirements and due process guarantees. In the context of digital transformation, the growing use of electronic devices and technological platforms has made digital evidence a decisive element in criminal investigations, requiring a rigorous analysis of the legal and technical criteria that support its validity. Methodologically, the research was developed from an interpretive paradigm, with a qualitative approach and a documentary and descriptive analytical design, through the review of regulations, case law, specialized doctrine, and institutional reports. The results show that, although the legal system recognizes digital evidence as a valid means of proof, there are still regulatory gaps, technical deficiencies, and operational difficulties that affect the correct application of the chain of custody, increasing the risk of evidentiary exclusions and procedural nullities. It is concluded that strengthening the assessment of digital evidence requires the coordination of regulatory development, specialized training, and uniform technical protocols in order to ensure more transparent and reliable criminal proceedings that respect fundamental rights.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Prueba digital, Cadena de custodia, Proceso penal, Valoración probatoria, Debido proceso
