Análisis socio jurídico de la no devolución de saldos e indemnización sustitutiva en el sistema general de pensiones en Colombia a partir de la reforma pensional de 2024
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Meza Sandoval, Enzon Javier
Rodríguez Ávilla, Olga María
Romero Meriño, Aristarco
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación aborda el análisis sociojurídico de las modificaciones introducidas por la Ley 2381 de 2024 con relación a las figuras compensatorias, devolución de saldos e indemnización sustitutiva establecidas en la Ley 100 de 1993, dentro del Sistema General de Pensiones de Colombia, la reforma transforma el sistema pensional y sustituye el modelo dual de regímenes alternativos por un esquema de pilares articulados solidario, semicontributivo, contributivo y de ahorro voluntario, suprimiendo la posibilidad de que los afiliados que no alcancen con los requisitos mínimos para acceder a la pensión recuperen sus aportes en dinero al llegar a la edad de pensión.
El estudio adopta un enfoque sociojurídico de carácter cualitativo que relaciona el análisis dogmático del ordenamiento jurídico con la perspectiva sociológica del derecho, reconociendo la relación entre la norma y la realidad social, en la investigación se encuentra incluida también una perspectiva de derecho comparado, teniendo como referentes los modelos chileno y francés que ilustran, desde diferentes ángulos, las consecuencias jurídicas y sociales que afectan el derecho de los afiliados sobre los aportes resultantes de su vida laboral.
Por último, a manera de conclusión se expresa que los hallazgos que se vayan construyendo en el desarrollo de la investigación permitirán formular criterios interpretativos y propuestas orientadas a garantizar la plena vigencia del derecho a la seguridad social en Colombia, en el marco del debate constitucional y legislativo que determinará la suerte definitiva de la reforma pensional.
This study presents a socio legal analysis of the modifications introduced by Law 2381 of 2024 regarding the compensatory mechanisms, balance refunds, and substitute indemnities established under Law 100 of 1993 within Colombia's General Pension System. The reform transforms the pension system, replacing the dual model of alternative regimes with an integrated pillar scheme comprising solidarity, semicontributory, contributory, and voluntary savings components. Notably, it eliminates the option for affiliates who fail to meet the minimum requirements for a pension to recover their monetary contributions upon reaching retirement age. The study adopts a qualitative sociolegal approach that links the doctrinal analysis of the legal framework with a sociological perspective on law, acknowledging the interplay between legal norms and social reality. The research also incorporates a comparative law perspective, drawing on Chilean and French models to illustrate from various angles the legal and social consequences affecting affiliates rights regarding the contributions accumulated during their working lives. Finally, the study concludes that the findings emerging from the research will facilitate the formulation of interpretive criteria and proposals aimed at guaranteeing the full exercise of the right to social security in Colombia, within the context of the constitutional and legislative debate that will determine the ultimate fate of the pension reform.
This study presents a socio legal analysis of the modifications introduced by Law 2381 of 2024 regarding the compensatory mechanisms, balance refunds, and substitute indemnities established under Law 100 of 1993 within Colombia's General Pension System. The reform transforms the pension system, replacing the dual model of alternative regimes with an integrated pillar scheme comprising solidarity, semicontributory, contributory, and voluntary savings components. Notably, it eliminates the option for affiliates who fail to meet the minimum requirements for a pension to recover their monetary contributions upon reaching retirement age. The study adopts a qualitative sociolegal approach that links the doctrinal analysis of the legal framework with a sociological perspective on law, acknowledging the interplay between legal norms and social reality. The research also incorporates a comparative law perspective, drawing on Chilean and French models to illustrate from various angles the legal and social consequences affecting affiliates rights regarding the contributions accumulated during their working lives. Finally, the study concludes that the findings emerging from the research will facilitate the formulation of interpretive criteria and proposals aimed at guaranteeing the full exercise of the right to social security in Colombia, within the context of the constitutional and legislative debate that will determine the ultimate fate of the pension reform.
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Palabras clave
Pensión, Reforma, Indemnización, Devolución, Seguridad social, Vejez, Compensatoria
