Escuela y migración desde las voces de los estudiantes migrantes de la Institución Educativa Puerto Santander
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Cobos Olivares, Laura Katherine
Ramírez Niño, Edgar Iván
Duarte Gómez, Witney María
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Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En la actualidad, la migración se ha manifestado en Colombia con mayor fuerza a partir de la crisis política y económica en el país vecino de Venezuela, siendo ahora una problemática compleja multifacética con implicaciones económicas, sociales, y culturales que ha generado grandes retos para la educación en Colombia, y que ha impactado en todos los ámbitos del contexto colombiano, sobre todo por las relaciones binacionales históricas que han caracterizado a las zonas de frontera.
Es por ello, que la presente investigación, permite analizar las transformaciones de la escuela frente a la migración desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes migrantes de la Institución Educativa Puerto Santander, una investigación que se realizó a partir del discurso de los estudiantes migrantes y actores educativos como lo son docentes, directivos docentes y padres de familia migrantes, dando una especial participación a los niños, niñas y adolescentes venezolanos que se encuentran desarrollando sus estudios en Colombia.
Ahora bien, el paradigma que soportó el alcance de los objetivos se enmarca dentro del ámbito socio-crítico, un enfoque mixto, en donde el diseño de Investigación correspondió específicamente a la etnografía, mediante la hermenéutica, la observación, la descripción, la interacción con el grupo social y la aplicación y análisis de sus instrumentos, de manera que no se generalizaran las experiencias, sentimientos y reflexiones de los estudiantes migrantes. Se aplicaron encuestas y grupos focales a treinta (30) informantes claves, un proceso investigativo que obtiene por resultado cuatro categorías (características de los estudiantes migrantes, sentimientos y percepciones en el ámbito educativo, identidad y pertenencia y estudiantes migrantes como elemento transformador de la escuela), las cuales se analizan y permiten concluir que es necesaria la intervención de la escuela, docentes, directivos docentes y padres de familia migrantes, en el proceso de integración, adaptación e identidad del estudiante migrante en la escuela.
Currently, migration has manifested itself in Colombia with greater force, from the political and economic crisis in the neighboring country of Venezuela, being now a complex multifaceted problem with economic, social, and cultural implications that has generated huge challenges for education in Colombia, and that has impacted on all areas of the Colombian context, especially because of the historical binational relations that have characterized the border areas. That is why the present research, allows to analyze the transformations of the school against migration from the perspective of migrant students of the Institución. Educativa Colegio Puerto Santander, a research that was carried out based on the discourse of migrant students and educational actors such as teachers, principals and migrant parents, giving special participation to Venezuelan children and adolescents who are developing their studies in Colombia. Now, the paradigm that supported the scope of the objectives is framed within the socio-critical sphere, a mixed approach, in which the design of Research corresponded specifically to ethnography, through hermeneutics, observation, description, interaction with the social group and the application and analysis of its instruments, so the experiences, feelings and reflections of migrant students were not generalized. Surveys and focus groups were applied to thirty (30) key informants, an investigative process that results in four categories (characteristics of migrant students, feelings and perceptions in the educational field, identity and belonging and migrant students as a transforming element of the school), which were analyzed and allowed to conclude that the intervention of the school, teachers, principals and parents of migrant families are necessary in the process of integration, adaptation and identity of the migrant student in the school.
Currently, migration has manifested itself in Colombia with greater force, from the political and economic crisis in the neighboring country of Venezuela, being now a complex multifaceted problem with economic, social, and cultural implications that has generated huge challenges for education in Colombia, and that has impacted on all areas of the Colombian context, especially because of the historical binational relations that have characterized the border areas. That is why the present research, allows to analyze the transformations of the school against migration from the perspective of migrant students of the Institución. Educativa Colegio Puerto Santander, a research that was carried out based on the discourse of migrant students and educational actors such as teachers, principals and migrant parents, giving special participation to Venezuelan children and adolescents who are developing their studies in Colombia. Now, the paradigm that supported the scope of the objectives is framed within the socio-critical sphere, a mixed approach, in which the design of Research corresponded specifically to ethnography, through hermeneutics, observation, description, interaction with the social group and the application and analysis of its instruments, so the experiences, feelings and reflections of migrant students were not generalized. Surveys and focus groups were applied to thirty (30) key informants, an investigative process that results in four categories (characteristics of migrant students, feelings and perceptions in the educational field, identity and belonging and migrant students as a transforming element of the school), which were analyzed and allowed to conclude that the intervention of the school, teachers, principals and parents of migrant families are necessary in the process of integration, adaptation and identity of the migrant student in the school.
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Palabras clave
Adaptación, Estudiantes, Frontera, Identidad, Migración, Adaptation, Border, Identity, Migration, Students