Estilo de vida en el adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus Tipo 2
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Barros Martínez, Walter
Gutiérrez Tejedor, María
Jerez Camargo, Mellelid
Marenco Conrado, Kathy
Pérez Villarreal, Ledis
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad que causa insuficiencias en el proceso de secreción de la insulina y trastornos en sus funciones teniendo prevalencia en el adulto mayor. El estilo de vida que mantienen dichos individuos puede favorecer o no su condición, dependiendo de los comportamientos de los mismos.
Objetivo: revisar sistemáticamente determinante de los estilos de vida de la población de adultos mayores con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.
Métodos: Estudio cualitativo y descriptivo. Se realizó una revisión sistemática a partir de aquellos artículos académicos y científicos en torno al estilo de vida en adultos mayores con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Los criterios de inclusión corresponden a estudios descriptivos, realizados y publicados durante los años 2016 al 2020 utilizando las palabras clave cómo: Diabetes Mellitus, estilo de vida, adulto mayor. Se excluyeron los artículos que no contaban con lo mencionado anteriormente. El total de artículos consultados fueron 44, se eliminaron 30 que no cumplían con los criterios. La población utilizada corresponde a 14 artículos publicados entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2020.
Resultados: En los artículos seleccionados se evidencia la recurrencia de las variables sociodemográficas, se evidencio que el 53% de los pacientes son mujeres. En cuanto a edad, se aprecia que el 9% está entre 18 y 35 años; el 44%, entre 36 y 59 años, y el 47% es mayor de 60 años. Con relación a nivel educativo, es importante destacar que el mayor número de personas han culminado su bachillerato completo pues esta variable está relacionada directamente con el grado de conocimiento de los objetivos del tratamiento de la diabetes. Los inadecuados hábitos alimenticios y el sedentarismo, influye en gran manera en el desarrollo de la enfermedad y la aparición temprana de complicaciones que perjudican gravemente el bienestar físico y emocional del individuo. Su estilo de
vida asociado a labores del hogar, con baja actividad física, puede explicar el exceso de peso y el mayor riesgo de DM2.
Conclusiones: la presente investigación permitió abordar el estilo de vida de los adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, se encontró que los adultos mayores no llevan un estilo de vida saludable y presentan otras comorbilidades como la obesidad. Por otro lado, el sexo masculino se encuentra más activo y participante en cuestiones de actividades físicas. No obstante, existen parámetros no modificables tales como la edad y el sexo, que son indispensables al momento de estudiar los factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus.
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that causes insufficiency in the insulin secretion process and disorders in its functions, being prevalent in the elderly. The lifestyle that these individuals maintain may or may not favor their condition, depending on their behaviors. Objective: to systematically review the determinant of the lifestyles of the population of older adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: Qualitative and descriptive study. A systematic review was carried out from those academic and scientific articles on lifestyle in older adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The inclusion criteria correspond to descriptive studies, carried out and published during the years 2016 to 2020 using the keywords how: Diabetes Mellitus, lifestyle, elderly. Articles that did not have the aforementioned were excluded. The total of articles consulted were 44, 30 that did not meet the criteria were eliminated. The population used corresponds to 14 articles published between January 2016 and December 2020. Results: In the selected articles the recurrence of sociodemographic variables is evidenced, it was evidenced that 53% of the patients are women. Regarding age, it can be seen that 9% are between 18 and 35 years old; 44% are between 36 and 59 years old, and 47% are older than 60 years. With regard to educational level, it is important to note that the largest number of people have completed their full baccalaureate as this variable is directly related to the degree of knowledge of the objectives of diabetes treatment. Inadequate eating habits and sedentary lifestyle greatly influence the development of the disease and the early appearance of complications that seriously harm the physical and emotional well-being of the individual. Their lifestyle associated with housework, with low physical activity, may explain their excess weight and the increased risk of DM2 Conclusions: the present research allowed addressing the lifestyle of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, it was found that older adults do not lead a healthy lifestyle and have other comorbidities such as obesity. On the other hand, the male sex is more active and participant in matters of physical activities. However, there are non-modifiable parameters such as age and sex, which are essential when studying risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus.
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that causes insufficiency in the insulin secretion process and disorders in its functions, being prevalent in the elderly. The lifestyle that these individuals maintain may or may not favor their condition, depending on their behaviors. Objective: to systematically review the determinant of the lifestyles of the population of older adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: Qualitative and descriptive study. A systematic review was carried out from those academic and scientific articles on lifestyle in older adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The inclusion criteria correspond to descriptive studies, carried out and published during the years 2016 to 2020 using the keywords how: Diabetes Mellitus, lifestyle, elderly. Articles that did not have the aforementioned were excluded. The total of articles consulted were 44, 30 that did not meet the criteria were eliminated. The population used corresponds to 14 articles published between January 2016 and December 2020. Results: In the selected articles the recurrence of sociodemographic variables is evidenced, it was evidenced that 53% of the patients are women. Regarding age, it can be seen that 9% are between 18 and 35 years old; 44% are between 36 and 59 years old, and 47% are older than 60 years. With regard to educational level, it is important to note that the largest number of people have completed their full baccalaureate as this variable is directly related to the degree of knowledge of the objectives of diabetes treatment. Inadequate eating habits and sedentary lifestyle greatly influence the development of the disease and the early appearance of complications that seriously harm the physical and emotional well-being of the individual. Their lifestyle associated with housework, with low physical activity, may explain their excess weight and the increased risk of DM2 Conclusions: the present research allowed addressing the lifestyle of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, it was found that older adults do not lead a healthy lifestyle and have other comorbidities such as obesity. On the other hand, the male sex is more active and participant in matters of physical activities. However, there are non-modifiable parameters such as age and sex, which are essential when studying risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus.
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Palabras clave
Diabetes mellitus, Estilo de vida, Hábitos saludables, Adulto mayor, Diabetes mellitus, Lifestyle, Healthy habits, Elderly