Pronunciamientos de la corte constitucional y corte suprema de justicia sobre la flexibilización laboral
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Nuñez Lara, Keyla Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente ensayo corresponde a la flexibilización en los derechos de seguridad social en Colombia, la cual surge a partir de la globalización económica que se vive actualmente, la cual ha cambiado las relaciones laborales y también las sociales. Todo ello ha generado consecuencias en cuanto a la pérdida de la estabilidad laboral, incidiendo en la vida diría de las personas. Por tanto, el tema de flexibilización laboral se ha propuesto como una salida en las preocupaciones de las organizaciones para la competitividad y la vida económica. Sin embargo, son los trabajadores los cuales deben recibir una adecuada seguridad social en cuanto a riesgos, pensión y salud. Debido a la globalización surge el estudio de la flexibilización laboral, donde se identifican diversos mecanismos jurídicos, reformas y estrategias, permitiendo que el trabajo se adapte a las condiciones y necesidades del sistema de producción, permitiendo alcanzar mayores oportunidades de competitividad entre las empresas. A nivel mundial, se han presentado diferentes cambios, desde la década de los años ochenta, la cual ha desencadenado nuevas formas de relacionarse, de dar valor al vínculo laboral, considerando la estabilidad laboral como un pasado definiendo el trabajo como un medio excepcional para la supervivencia, particularmente para aquellas personas que tienen menos niveles de empleabilidad. Es menester mencionar que la globalización ha generado el tema de flexibilidad laboral y con ella la pérdida de la estabilidad laboral y para muchos, la calidad de empleo (Vélez, 2014).
En Colombia, se cuenta con empresas temporales, cooperativas de trabajo asociado, contratos por prestación de servicios y contratos fijos que buscan el fortalecimiento de las organizaciones. Debido al aumento de los distintos modos de contratación laboral y comercial que se incrementa a medida que pasan los años, existe un pacto para personal calificado y no calificado. Por ende, se hace necesario el estudio de la flexibilidad laboral en el país. Si bien es cierto, la Organización
Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (2002), comparte las medidas para ajustar los gastos y los esfuerzos para mejorar la competitividad, pues las empresas trabajan cada vez más con un grupo de personas muy pequeños asalariados en condiciones regulares de empleo y una cifra de trabajadores cada vez mayor en condiciones de no normalizados y atípicos en los diferentes puestos de trabajo, donde se excluyen los acuerdos de contratación externa y las relaciones laborales cada vez más flexibles e informales. El campo de investigación acerca del trabajo en Colombia es bastante amplio, lo cual ha permitido escudriñar, analizar, comenzando por la Carta Magna, (Constitución de 1991), para llegar hasta la realidad de hoy en día.
En la Constitución se encuentran varios tópicos relacionados con el Derecho Constitucional al Trabajo, ya desde el preámbulo se menciona que el trabajo es uno de los elementos asegurado como principio fundamental dentro de un marco jurídico, democrático y participativo, tendiente a garantizar un orden político, económico y social justo, en cumplimiento del artículo 1 del Código Sustantivo del trabajo. Han existido diferentes estudios, pertenecientes a las escuelas de derecho, que han profundizado en toda la temática respectiva, Leyes, Reformas, Jurisprudencias, etc. La reforma laboral establecida por la Ley 50 de 1990, por la cual se introducen reformas al Código Sustantivo del Trabajo, expedida por el Congreso de la Republica en diciembre 28, se considera la apertura a un mercado laboral flexibilizado, ya que introdujo modificaciones a la legislación para que tanto la contratación como el despido de personal fuesen menos costosos, así promovía y facilitaba la creación de nuevos empleos (Isaza, 2013). En cuanto al tema de pensión, se comporta como una problemática debido a que se hace énfasis a los trabajadores que pasaron toda su vida laborando bajo flexibilización laboral y al final las garantías en temas pensionales no va a obtener este derecho que debe ser garantizado por el mismo Estado. En lo que respecta a la salud, a medida que estos trabajadores tengan una flexibilidad laboral, no van a adquirir derechos en términos de salud, es decir, pagos de incapacidades, por tratamiento u otros beneficios, ya que estos son trabajadores que cotizan por horas, días o meses, son los que van a estar más en urgencia con la EPS y no gozaran de los beneficios que brindan.
This essay corresponds to the flexibilization of social security rights in Colombia, which arises from the current economic globalization, which has changed labor and social relations. All this has generated consequences in terms of the loss of job stability, affecting people's lives, I would say. Therefore, the issue of labor flexibility has been proposed as an outlet in the concerns of organizations for competitiveness and economic life. However, it is the workers who must receive adequate social security in terms of risks, pension and health. Due to globalization, the study of labor flexibility arises, where various legal mechanisms, reforms and strategies are identified, allowing work to adapt to the conditions and needs of the production system, allowing greater opportunities for competitiveness among companies. At a global level, different changes have occurred since the eighties, which have triggered new ways of relating, of giving value to the employment relationship, considering job stability as a past, defining work as an exceptional means for employment. survival, particularly for those with lower levels of employability. It should be mentioned that globalization has generated the issue of labor flexibility and with it the loss of job stability and, for many, the quality of employment (Vélez, 2014). In Colombia, there are temporary companies, associated work cooperatives, contracts for the provision of services and fixed contracts that seek to strengthen organizations. Due to the increase in the different modes of labor and commercial hiring that increases as the years go by, there is a pact for qualified and unskilled personnel. Therefore, the study of labor flexibility in the country is necessary. Although it is true, the International Labor Organization (ILO) (2002), shares the measures to adjust expenses and efforts to improve competitiveness, as companies increasingly work with a group of very small salaried people under regular conditions of employment and an increasing number of workers in non-standard and atypical conditions in the different jobs, where outsourcing agreements and increasingly flexible and informal labor relations are excluded. The field of research about work in Colombia is quite broad, which has allowed us to scrutinize, analyze, starting with the Magna Carta, (1991 Constitution), to reach the reality of today. In the Constitution there are several topics related to the Constitutional Right to Work, and from the preamble it is mentioned that work is one of the elements ensured as a fundamental principle within a legal, democratic and participatory framework, aimed at guaranteeing a political order, economic and social fair, in compliance with article 1 of the Substantive Labor Code. There have been different studies, belonging to law schools, which have delved into all the respective topics, Laws, Reforms, Jurisprudences, etc. The labor reform established by Law 50 of 1990, which introduces reforms to the Substantive Labor Code, issued by the Congress of the Republic on December 28, is considered the opening to a flexible labor market, since it introduced modifications to the legislation so that both the hiring and firing of personnel were less expensive, thus promoting and facilitating the creation of new jobs (Isaza, 2013). Regarding the issue of pension, it behaves as a problem because it emphasizes workers who spent their entire lives working under labor flexibility and in the end the guarantees in pension issues will not obtain this right that must be guaranteed by the same state. With regard to health, as these workers have labor flexibility, they will not acquire rights in terms of health, that is, disability payments, for treatment or other benefits, since these are workers who contribute by the hour , days or months, are those that will be more urgent with the EPS and will not enjoy the benefits they provide.
This essay corresponds to the flexibilization of social security rights in Colombia, which arises from the current economic globalization, which has changed labor and social relations. All this has generated consequences in terms of the loss of job stability, affecting people's lives, I would say. Therefore, the issue of labor flexibility has been proposed as an outlet in the concerns of organizations for competitiveness and economic life. However, it is the workers who must receive adequate social security in terms of risks, pension and health. Due to globalization, the study of labor flexibility arises, where various legal mechanisms, reforms and strategies are identified, allowing work to adapt to the conditions and needs of the production system, allowing greater opportunities for competitiveness among companies. At a global level, different changes have occurred since the eighties, which have triggered new ways of relating, of giving value to the employment relationship, considering job stability as a past, defining work as an exceptional means for employment. survival, particularly for those with lower levels of employability. It should be mentioned that globalization has generated the issue of labor flexibility and with it the loss of job stability and, for many, the quality of employment (Vélez, 2014). In Colombia, there are temporary companies, associated work cooperatives, contracts for the provision of services and fixed contracts that seek to strengthen organizations. Due to the increase in the different modes of labor and commercial hiring that increases as the years go by, there is a pact for qualified and unskilled personnel. Therefore, the study of labor flexibility in the country is necessary. Although it is true, the International Labor Organization (ILO) (2002), shares the measures to adjust expenses and efforts to improve competitiveness, as companies increasingly work with a group of very small salaried people under regular conditions of employment and an increasing number of workers in non-standard and atypical conditions in the different jobs, where outsourcing agreements and increasingly flexible and informal labor relations are excluded. The field of research about work in Colombia is quite broad, which has allowed us to scrutinize, analyze, starting with the Magna Carta, (1991 Constitution), to reach the reality of today. In the Constitution there are several topics related to the Constitutional Right to Work, and from the preamble it is mentioned that work is one of the elements ensured as a fundamental principle within a legal, democratic and participatory framework, aimed at guaranteeing a political order, economic and social fair, in compliance with article 1 of the Substantive Labor Code. There have been different studies, belonging to law schools, which have delved into all the respective topics, Laws, Reforms, Jurisprudences, etc. The labor reform established by Law 50 of 1990, which introduces reforms to the Substantive Labor Code, issued by the Congress of the Republic on December 28, is considered the opening to a flexible labor market, since it introduced modifications to the legislation so that both the hiring and firing of personnel were less expensive, thus promoting and facilitating the creation of new jobs (Isaza, 2013). Regarding the issue of pension, it behaves as a problem because it emphasizes workers who spent their entire lives working under labor flexibility and in the end the guarantees in pension issues will not obtain this right that must be guaranteed by the same state. With regard to health, as these workers have labor flexibility, they will not acquire rights in terms of health, that is, disability payments, for treatment or other benefits, since these are workers who contribute by the hour , days or months, are those that will be more urgent with the EPS and will not enjoy the benefits they provide.
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Palabras clave
Corte Constitucional, Estabilidad laboral, Corte suprema, Flexibilización laboral, Constitutional court, Job stability, Supreme court, Labor flexibility