Pronunciamientos de la corte constitucional sobre extensión del fuero de maternidad
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Vargas Martínez, Ronald Jesús
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En la presente investigación se realizara la interpretación de los pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional sobre Extensión del Fuero de Maternidad a fin de identificar qué condiciones se deben presentar para que el fuero de maternidad se pueda extender a los padres, en razón que la madre no se encuentre laborando y depende económicamente del cónyuge, compañero permanente o compañero.
La mujer juega un papel preponderante en los distintos aspectos fundamentamentales del país bien sea, en materia económica, laboral, social y política, dada esta importancia, Colombia ha tenido un desarrollo progresivo en la protección de los derechos de la mujer, los cuales se dan bien por acciones del ente legislativo o a través de las sentencias de las altas cortes, pero siempre propendiendo con esto el derecho a la igualdad, lo que hace de la mujer un sujeto de derecho.
En el país, la protección laboral a la mujer en estado de concepción hunde sus raíces en la constitución Política muy especialmente en los artículos 43 y 53, en estos artículos se señala con claridad la prohibición a la discriminación y aboga por la protección especial que el estado colombiano debe brindar protección y a la mujer en estados de embarazo y lactantes, convirtiéndose en un deber constitucional la defensa de los derechos contemplados en la carta magna. En consecuencia, existe desde la constitución una garantía a la mujer que le permitirá contar con una salvaguarda en eventos desafortunados de carácter económico que se puedan presentar durante el embarazo e incluso durante la gestación, permitiendo la protección de ella y de la criatura con el acceso a salud y a través de la cancelación de la licencia de maternidad, dos aspectos que están conectados con la parte laboral.
A pesar del avance vertiginoso en esta materia, el país evidenciaba un vacío jurídico en este aspecto y solo hasta la expedición de la sentencia C-005 de 2017 de la Corte Constitucional en la cual establece que la mujer que no tuviera vínculos laborales y dependiera económicamente del padre de su hijo, este tiene el derecho de protección bajo el fuero de estabilidad laboral reforzada que antes de la expedición de la sentencia solo estaba destinado a la mujer. Con la expedición de la sentencia descrita arriba, se da un avance muy importante en materia de extensión de la protección de los derechos de la mujer, niños y en general todo el núcleo familiar, contribuyendo a una equidad social.
Luego de la expedición de la sentencia C-005 de 2017, se creó una ventana o un punto de partida que garantiza derechos fundamentales a la madre gestante, a su cónyuge, al que está por nacer, es decir, protege y garantiza derechos a la integridad y unidad familiar que en ultimas este es el fin de la sentencia.
Como consecuencia de la apertura de esa ventana, encontramos la sentencia T-670 de 2017 en el cual la Corte determino las reglas aplicables a la especial protección del fuero de maternidad extendida. La Corte Constitucional precisó que la protección será extendida siempre que la mujer dependa económicamente del trabajador(a) por carecer de una alternativa laboral y que además se encuentre afiliada como beneficiaria del Sistema de Seguridad Social Integral del mismo.
In the present investigation, the interpretation of the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court on Extension of the Maternity Jurisdiction will be carried out in order to identify what conditions must be presented so that the maternity jurisdiction can be extended to the parents, because the mother does not find herself working and financially dependent on her spouse, partner or permanent partner. Women play a preponderant role in the different fundamental aspects of the country, either in economic, labor, social and political matters, given this importance, Colombia has had a progressive development in the protection of women's rights, which are given Either by actions of the legislative body or through the sentences of the high courts, but always promoting the right to equality, which makes women a subject of law. In the country, labor protection for women in a state of conception has its roots in the Political Constitution, especially in articles 43 and 53, these articles clearly indicate the prohibition of discrimination and advocate for special protection that the The Colombian state must provide protection to women in pregnancy and lactation, the defense of the rights contemplated in the Magna Carta becoming a constitutional duty. Consequently, since the constitution there is a guarantee to women that will allow them to have a safeguard in unfortunate events of an economic nature that may occur during pregnancy and even during pregnancy, allowing the protection of her and the child with access health and through the cancellation of maternity leave, two aspects that are connected with the labor part. Despite the vertiginous progress in this matter, the country evidenced a loopholes in this regard and only until the issuance of judgment C-005 of 2017 of the Constitutional Court in which it establishes that women who had no labor ties and were economically dependent of the father of her child, he has the right to protection under the jurisdiction of enhanced job stability that before the issuance of the sentence was only intended for women. With the issuance of the sentence described above, there is a very important advance in terms of extending the protection of the rights of women, children and in general the entire family nucleus, contributing to social equity. After the issuance of judgment C-005 of 2017, a window or a starting point was created that guarantees fundamental rights to the pregnant mother, to her spouse, to the unborn, that is, it protects and guarantees rights to the integrity and family unity that ultimately this is the end of the sentence. As a consequence of the opening of that window, we find judgment T-670 of 2017 in which the Court determined the rules applicable to the special protection of the extended maternity jurisdiction. The Constitutional Court specified that the protection will be extended as long as the woman is economically dependent on the worker because she lacks a work alternative and that she is also affiliated as a beneficiary of the same Comprehensive Social Security System.
In the present investigation, the interpretation of the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court on Extension of the Maternity Jurisdiction will be carried out in order to identify what conditions must be presented so that the maternity jurisdiction can be extended to the parents, because the mother does not find herself working and financially dependent on her spouse, partner or permanent partner. Women play a preponderant role in the different fundamental aspects of the country, either in economic, labor, social and political matters, given this importance, Colombia has had a progressive development in the protection of women's rights, which are given Either by actions of the legislative body or through the sentences of the high courts, but always promoting the right to equality, which makes women a subject of law. In the country, labor protection for women in a state of conception has its roots in the Political Constitution, especially in articles 43 and 53, these articles clearly indicate the prohibition of discrimination and advocate for special protection that the The Colombian state must provide protection to women in pregnancy and lactation, the defense of the rights contemplated in the Magna Carta becoming a constitutional duty. Consequently, since the constitution there is a guarantee to women that will allow them to have a safeguard in unfortunate events of an economic nature that may occur during pregnancy and even during pregnancy, allowing the protection of her and the child with access health and through the cancellation of maternity leave, two aspects that are connected with the labor part. Despite the vertiginous progress in this matter, the country evidenced a loopholes in this regard and only until the issuance of judgment C-005 of 2017 of the Constitutional Court in which it establishes that women who had no labor ties and were economically dependent of the father of her child, he has the right to protection under the jurisdiction of enhanced job stability that before the issuance of the sentence was only intended for women. With the issuance of the sentence described above, there is a very important advance in terms of extending the protection of the rights of women, children and in general the entire family nucleus, contributing to social equity. After the issuance of judgment C-005 of 2017, a window or a starting point was created that guarantees fundamental rights to the pregnant mother, to her spouse, to the unborn, that is, it protects and guarantees rights to the integrity and family unity that ultimately this is the end of the sentence. As a consequence of the opening of that window, we find judgment T-670 of 2017 in which the Court determined the rules applicable to the special protection of the extended maternity jurisdiction. The Constitutional Court specified that the protection will be extended as long as the woman is economically dependent on the worker because she lacks a work alternative and that she is also affiliated as a beneficiary of the same Comprehensive Social Security System.
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Palabras clave
Estabilidad laboral, Fuero de maternidad, Extensión del fuero de maternidad, Mujer en estado de embarazo, Corte Constitucional, Seguridad social integral, Job security, Maternity jurisdiction, Extension of the maternity jurisdiction, Pregnant woman, Constitutional court, Comprehensive social security