Seguimiento de dos regímenes alimenticios en pacientes neonatos con bajo peso al nacer en Barranquilla (Atlántico Colombia ) en el 2019
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Flórez Poveda, Mario Alberto
Olivo Utría, Raúl Armando
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Los beneficios de la lactancia materna se han estudiado por décadas, así como diversos
estudios se han enfocado en evaluar cuáles son las complicaciones o enfermedades que
padecen aquellos niños que no la reciben; especialmente en aquello con bajo peso al nacer.
Objetivo: Comparar dos regímenes alimenticios, uno de leche materna exclusiva y otro de
Leche Materna más alimento sustituto artificial formulado, en pacientes con bajo peso
menor a 2500grs al nacer en una institución prestadora de salud (IPS) en Barranquilla, (At,
Co) durante el 2019.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional comparativo de dos regímenes
alimenticios, uno con Leche Materna Exclusiva (LME) y otro con Leche Materna + Formula
(LM+F). Se realizó un seguimiento de los pesos de los neonatos se registraron los datos
antropométricos y los datos de alimentación así como las caracterizaciónes
sociodemográficas.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 77 neonatos, con una proporción sexual de aproximadamente
1:1 relación hombre:mujer. El tiempo de gestación en semanas fue de 35.3±1.8 semanas.
El 71% nacieron a término. El 72% de los niños recibió LME. No se encontró diferencia
entre los regímenes de alimentación (LME vs LM+F) ni por sexo (p > 0.05), ni por tiempo
gestacional (p > 0.05). Tampoco se encontró diferencia entre relación de sexo-tiempo
gestacional y régimen alimenticio.
Conclusión: La suplementación con formula ayuda a la adquisición de peso inicial, sin
embargo, la leche materna a largo plazo presenta mejor desempeño, pero, es necesario
resolver cuanto es la cantidad y momento exacto de inicio.
The benefits of breastfeeding have been studied for decades, as well as various studies have focused on evaluating the complications or diseases suffered by those children who do not receive it; especially in those with low birth weight. Objective: To compare two dietary regimens, one of exclusive breast milk and the other of breast milk plus formulated artificial substitute food, in patients with a low weight less than 2500grs at birth in a health provider institution (IPS) in Barranquilla, (At, Co) during 2019. Methodology: A comparative observational study of two diets was carried out, one with Exclusive Breast Milk (EBF) and the other with Breast Milk + Formula (LM + F). The weights of the newborns were monitored, anthropometric data and feeding data were recorded, as well as sociodemographic characterizations. Results: 77 neonates were included, with a sexual ratio of approximately 1: 1 male: female ratio. Gestation time in weeks was 35.3 ± 1.8 weeks. 71% were born full-term. 72% of the children received EBF. No difference was found between feeding regimens (EBF vs BF + F) neither by sex (p> 0.05), nor by gestational time (p> 0.05). Nor was there a difference between the sex-gestational time relationship and the diet. Conclusion: Supplementation with formula helps to gain initial weight, however, long-term breast milk shows better performance, but it is necessary to determine how much is the amount and the exact time to start.
The benefits of breastfeeding have been studied for decades, as well as various studies have focused on evaluating the complications or diseases suffered by those children who do not receive it; especially in those with low birth weight. Objective: To compare two dietary regimens, one of exclusive breast milk and the other of breast milk plus formulated artificial substitute food, in patients with a low weight less than 2500grs at birth in a health provider institution (IPS) in Barranquilla, (At, Co) during 2019. Methodology: A comparative observational study of two diets was carried out, one with Exclusive Breast Milk (EBF) and the other with Breast Milk + Formula (LM + F). The weights of the newborns were monitored, anthropometric data and feeding data were recorded, as well as sociodemographic characterizations. Results: 77 neonates were included, with a sexual ratio of approximately 1: 1 male: female ratio. Gestation time in weeks was 35.3 ± 1.8 weeks. 71% were born full-term. 72% of the children received EBF. No difference was found between feeding regimens (EBF vs BF + F) neither by sex (p> 0.05), nor by gestational time (p> 0.05). Nor was there a difference between the sex-gestational time relationship and the diet. Conclusion: Supplementation with formula helps to gain initial weight, however, long-term breast milk shows better performance, but it is necessary to determine how much is the amount and the exact time to start.
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Palabras clave
Alimentación materna, Prematuro, Ganancia de Peso, Nutrición Infantil, Formula, Maternal Feeding, Premature, Weight Gain, Infant Nutrition, Formula