Reflexiones sociojurídicas del piso mínimo de protección social en Colombia a la luz del principio de dignidad humana y el derecho fundamental al mínimo vital
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Lopez Mercado, Cindy Paola
Medina Barraza, Yina Paola
Molina Charris, Liliana Margarita
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En el presente ensayo se hace mención a las reflexiones sociojurídicas del Piso
Mínimo de Protección Social en Colombia, y como la entrada en vigencia del
Decreto 1174 de 2020 vulnera los principios de Dignidad Humana y el derecho
fundamental al Mínimo Vital, analizando la evolución del Sistema de Protección
Social desde la modificación de lo normado en la Constitución Política de Colombia
en su artículo 48, los diferentes pronunciamientos de la Organización Internacional
del Trabajo (OIT) y las reformas contenidas en la Ley 100 de 1993, la Ley 797 de
2003, el Acto Legislativo No 1 de 2005 y la creación de la Ley 1955 de 2019.
El artículo 193 de la Ley 1955 de 2019, crea el Piso de Protección Social con el fin
de que “las personas que tengan relación contractual laboral o por prestación de
servicios, por tiempo parcial y que en virtud de ello perciban un ingreso mensual
inferior a un (1) Salario Mínimo Mensual Legal Vigente (SMMLV)” puedan
vincularse: i) el Régimen Subsidiado del Sistema General de Seguridad en Salud,
ii) el Servicio Social Complementario de Beneficios Económicos Periódicos - BEPS
como mecanismo de protección en la vejez y iii) el Seguro Inclusivo que amparará
al trabajador de los riesgos derivados de la actividad laboral y de las enfermedades
cubiertas por BEPS.
En Colombia, con la entrada en vigencia del Decreto 1174 de 2020, muchos autores
han manifestado su inconformismo, indicando que; la norma atenta contra los
derechos pensionales y laborales de los trabajadores colombianos, que precariza y
elimina pensiones, permitiendo la contratación por horas, que los vinculados al piso
de protección social deben estar afiliados al régimen subsidiado del Sistema
General de Seguridad Social en Salud, es decir, no contarán con el sistema de
pensiones, ni con el sistema de riesgos laborales, se crea el trabajo por tiempo
parcial, en el cual el trabajador no tiene derecho a prestaciones sociales (cesantías,
intereses a las cesantías, prima de servicios), ni a vacaciones, ni a aportes a riesgos
laborales, recibiendo ingresos inferiores al mínimo legal mensual vigente, lo cual no
le permitirá el acceso o reconocimiento a una pensión, el aporte que debe efectuar
mensualmente el empleador o contratante según corresponda, para el piso de
protección será el 15 % del ingreso mensual obtenido en el periodo por el que se
realiza dicho aporte.
In this essay mention is made of the socio-legal reflections of the Minimum Floor of Social Protection in Colombia, and how the entry into force of Decree 1174 of 2020 violates the principles of Human Dignity and the fundamental right to the Vital Minimum, analyzing the evolution of the Social Protection System since the modification of the provisions of the Political Constitution of Colombia in its article 48, the different pronouncements of the International Labor Organization (OIT) and the reforms contained in Law 100 of 1993, Law 797 of 2003, Legislative Act No. 1 of 2005 and the creation of Law 1955 of 2019. Article 193 of Law 1955 of 2019 creates the Social Protection Floor so that "People who have a contractual employment relationship or for the provision of services, parttime and that by virtue of this they receive a monthly income of less than a one (1) Current Legal Monthly Minimum Wage (SMMLV) ”can be linked i) the Subsidized Regime of the General Health Security System, ii) the Complementary Social Service of Periodic Economic Benefits - BEPS as a protection mechanism in old age and iii) the Inclusive Insurance that will protect the worker from the risks derived from the work activity and diseases covered by BEPS. In Colombia, with the entry into force of Decree 1174 of 2020, many authors have expressed their disagreement, stating that; the norm violates the pension and labor rights of Colombian workers, which makes and eliminates pensions, allowing hourly hiring, that those linked to the social protection floor must be affiliated with the subsidized regime of the General System of Social Security in Health, That is, they will not have the pension system, nor the occupational risk system, part-time work is created, in which the worker does not have the right to social benefits (severance pay, severance pay interest, service premium) , neither to vacations, nor to contributions to occupational risks, receiving income below the current monthly legal minimum, which will not allow access or recognition to a pension, the contribution that the employer or contractor must make monthly as appropriate, for the apartment protection will be 15% of the monthly income obtained in the period for which said contribution is made.
In this essay mention is made of the socio-legal reflections of the Minimum Floor of Social Protection in Colombia, and how the entry into force of Decree 1174 of 2020 violates the principles of Human Dignity and the fundamental right to the Vital Minimum, analyzing the evolution of the Social Protection System since the modification of the provisions of the Political Constitution of Colombia in its article 48, the different pronouncements of the International Labor Organization (OIT) and the reforms contained in Law 100 of 1993, Law 797 of 2003, Legislative Act No. 1 of 2005 and the creation of Law 1955 of 2019. Article 193 of Law 1955 of 2019 creates the Social Protection Floor so that "People who have a contractual employment relationship or for the provision of services, parttime and that by virtue of this they receive a monthly income of less than a one (1) Current Legal Monthly Minimum Wage (SMMLV) ”can be linked i) the Subsidized Regime of the General Health Security System, ii) the Complementary Social Service of Periodic Economic Benefits - BEPS as a protection mechanism in old age and iii) the Inclusive Insurance that will protect the worker from the risks derived from the work activity and diseases covered by BEPS. In Colombia, with the entry into force of Decree 1174 of 2020, many authors have expressed their disagreement, stating that; the norm violates the pension and labor rights of Colombian workers, which makes and eliminates pensions, allowing hourly hiring, that those linked to the social protection floor must be affiliated with the subsidized regime of the General System of Social Security in Health, That is, they will not have the pension system, nor the occupational risk system, part-time work is created, in which the worker does not have the right to social benefits (severance pay, severance pay interest, service premium) , neither to vacations, nor to contributions to occupational risks, receiving income below the current monthly legal minimum, which will not allow access or recognition to a pension, the contribution that the employer or contractor must make monthly as appropriate, for the apartment protection will be 15% of the monthly income obtained in the period for which said contribution is made.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Piso mínimo de seguridad social, Principio de dignidad humana, Derecho fundamental al mínimo vital, Minimum floor of social protection, Principle of human dignity, Right to the vital minimum