Trastornos del sueño a consecuencia de la pandemia por COVID-19
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Medina-Ortiz, Oscar
Araque-Castellanos, Franlet
Ruiz-Domínguez, Luis Carlos
Riaño-Garzón, Manuel
Bermúdez, Valmore
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Editor
Ministerio de Salud de Perú. Instituto Nacional de Salud
Resumen
Las complicaciones respiratorias por la COVID-19 pueden llevar a la muerte, por lo que, dentro de las políticas de protección para evitar los contagios masivos, se han sugerido estrategias de cuarentena y confinamiento en muchos países, que han originado alteraciones en la salud mental y el sueño. A través de la siguiente revisión narrativa se pretende sistematizar los hallazgos más significativos en cuanto a la presencia de insomnio en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, y de personas sanas que han estado sometidas a confinamiento como medida preventiva. Las condiciones propias de la enfermedad han hecho que los pacientes desarrollen insomnio, lo que puede empeorar su estado de salud y alterar su sistema inmunológico. Para las personas sanas en cuarentena los cambios en el estilo de vida, el miedo a contraer la enfermedad, la edad joven, el sexo femenino, los antecedentes de enfermedades mentales y una menor capacidad de afrontamiento al estrés parecen ser factores de riesgo para el insomnio. Al igual que la implementación de medidas epidemiológicas de cuidado y prevención contra el COVID-19, se debe tener en consideración promover la higiene del sueño como una estrategia de afrontamiento integral contra esta pandemia.
Respiratory complications from COVID-19 can lead to death. For this reason, public health measures to curb the spread of the disease such as quarantine and other confinement strategies have been proposed in several countries, resulting in mental health and sleep disorders. We carried out a narrative review to systematize the most significant findings regarding insomnia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and in healthy persons who have been under confinement as a preventive measure. COVID-19-related conditions have caused insomnia in patients, which can alter the immune system and have a negative effect on health. For healthy people in quarantine, lifestyle changes, fear of becoming infected, young age, female gender, history of mental illness and reduced ability to cope with stress appear to be risk factors for insomnia. As well as the implementation of epidemiological and preventive measures, sleep hygiene should be promoted as a comprehensive coping strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Respiratory complications from COVID-19 can lead to death. For this reason, public health measures to curb the spread of the disease such as quarantine and other confinement strategies have been proposed in several countries, resulting in mental health and sleep disorders. We carried out a narrative review to systematize the most significant findings regarding insomnia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and in healthy persons who have been under confinement as a preventive measure. COVID-19-related conditions have caused insomnia in patients, which can alter the immune system and have a negative effect on health. For healthy people in quarantine, lifestyle changes, fear of becoming infected, young age, female gender, history of mental illness and reduced ability to cope with stress appear to be risk factors for insomnia. As well as the implementation of epidemiological and preventive measures, sleep hygiene should be promoted as a comprehensive coping strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Palabras clave
Insomnio, COVID-19, Pandemia, Cuarentena, Insomnia, Pandemic, Quarantine