Adherencia al tratamiento en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo II. Una perspectiva desde los pacientes y sus familias
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Fecha
2020
Autores
De Castro King, Ricardo
Reyes Fernández, Silvia
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El propósito de la investigación fue comprender desde la experiencia y perspectiva del paciente y su familia, la adherencia al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo II; para esto, se empleó una entrevista semiestructurada que fue aplicada a dos pacientes diabéticos y a sus familias nucleares, para un total de 7 participantes. En cuanto al análisis de resultados, la metodología utilizada fue el análisis fenomenológico interpretativo, del cual surgieron 6 temas maestros y 34 subcategorías que permitieron comprender las experiencias de los participantes con respecto a la adherencia al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo II. Estos temas mayores fueron: convivencia con la enfermedad, dinámica familiar, experiencia del cuidador en la enfermedad, convivencia con el tratamiento, herramientas para el manejo de la enfermedad y por último, tratamiento y manejo de las emociones del paciente y la familia. Con base en los hallazgos, se concluye que el éxito del cumplimiento del tratamiento está permeado por el aspecto emocional del paciente y los familiares que tienen un vínculo cercano a él.
Como conclusión, hay dos factores relevantes en el proceso de adherencia al tratamiento, uno de ellos es la conciencia de la enfermedad en el cuerpo, cuando la enfermedad no se siente en el cuerpo, el tratamiento no se percibe como relevante. El otro aspecto importante es el proceso emocional de la persona con diabetes mellitus; como se ha podido ver en la investigación a través de los relatos de los participantes, la manera en que se gestionan las emociones está relacionada con el control de hábitos alimenticios, el vínculo emocional con la familia y con los profesionales de la salud están relacionados con el compromiso que siente el paciente con el tratamiento.
This research´s purpose is to understand, from the experience and perspective of the patient and its family, adherence to the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus; For this, a semi-structured interview was taken by two diabetic patients and their core families, having an overall of 7 participants. Regarding the analysis of the outcome, the methodology used was the interpretative phenomenological analysis, from which the emerging 6 mayor themes and 34 subcategories allowed understanding experiences of the participants about the adherence to treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. These major topics were: coexistence with the disease, family dynamics, caregiver experience through the disease, coexistence with the treatment, managing disease tools and treatment and management of the patient's and family's emotions. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the success of the treatment compliance is permeated by the emotional aspect of the patient and relatives who have a close bond with him. In conclusion, there are two relevant factors in the process of adherence to treatment, one of them is awareness of the disease in the body, when the disease is not felt in the body, the treatment is not perceived as relevant. The other important aspect is the emotional process of the person with diabetes mellitus; As it has been seen in the research through the reports of the participants, the way in which emotions are managed is related to the control of eating habits, the emotional bond with the family and with health professionals are related to the patient's commitment to the treatment.
This research´s purpose is to understand, from the experience and perspective of the patient and its family, adherence to the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus; For this, a semi-structured interview was taken by two diabetic patients and their core families, having an overall of 7 participants. Regarding the analysis of the outcome, the methodology used was the interpretative phenomenological analysis, from which the emerging 6 mayor themes and 34 subcategories allowed understanding experiences of the participants about the adherence to treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. These major topics were: coexistence with the disease, family dynamics, caregiver experience through the disease, coexistence with the treatment, managing disease tools and treatment and management of the patient's and family's emotions. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the success of the treatment compliance is permeated by the emotional aspect of the patient and relatives who have a close bond with him. In conclusion, there are two relevant factors in the process of adherence to treatment, one of them is awareness of the disease in the body, when the disease is not felt in the body, the treatment is not perceived as relevant. The other important aspect is the emotional process of the person with diabetes mellitus; As it has been seen in the research through the reports of the participants, the way in which emotions are managed is related to the control of eating habits, the emotional bond with the family and with health professionals are related to the patient's commitment to the treatment.
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Adherencia al tratamiento, Diabetes mellitus tipo II, Experiencia, Paciente y familia, Adherence to the treatment, Type II diabetes mellitus, Experience, Patients and families