Mortalidad fetal en madres adolescentes y adultas, un problema de salud pública
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Vivas García, Marisela
Cuberos, María Antonia
Vera, Miguel Ángel
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Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica
Resumen
El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar la prevalencia de mortalidad fetal (MF) en madres en adolescencia temprana (10-14 años), tardía (15-19 años) y adultas (20-34 años), durante el período 2014-2016, en el Departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia, atendiendo a los factores: tiempo de gestación, peso fetal, parto, causas básicas, zona de residencia y nivel educativo de las madres. Método: El estudio es de tipo retrospectivo, correlacional, analítico-comparativo. La base de datos procede de una fuente secundaria de acceso público del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE-Colombia). El análisis se realizó mediante las pruebas de chi al cuadrado, H de Kruskal-Wallis, coeficiente V de Cramer, gamma de Goodman, los procedimientos post hoc de Tukey y del método de Bonferroni basado en el estadístico t de Student. Resultados: La prevalencia de MF para los tres años consecutivos 2014-2016, fue de 10.0 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos en madres en adolescencia temprana,
de 19.2 en madres en adolescencia tardía y de 18.6 en madres adultas. Se puso de manifiesto que la prevalencia de MF por gestación en menos de 22 semanas fue mayor en madres adultas, antes del parto y durante el parto (chi al cuadrado = 32.023; p = 0.021), que existe leve relación negativa entre la edad de madre y el peso del feto (gamma = -0.186; p = 0.014). La prevalencia de MF fue mayor en madres adultas residentes en la cabecera municipal (chi al cuadrado = 80.18; p = 0.000), en madres con nivel educativo de básica primaria, secundaria y media profesional (chi al cuadrado = 105.56; p = 0.000) y mayor en madres adultas por complicaciones obstétricas y traumatismo del nacimiento.
The purpose of this work was to analyze the prevalence of fetal mortality (FM) in mothers in early adolescence (10-14 years), late adolescence (15-19 years) and in adults (20-34 years), during the period 2014-2016, in the North Department of Santander-Colombia. The factors taken into account were: gestation time, fetal weight, childbirth, basic causes, area of residence, and educational level of the mothers. The study was retrospective, correlational, analytical-comparative. The database was from a secondary public access source of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE-Colombia). The analysis was performed using the following tests: chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis H, Cramer’s V coefficient, Goodman and Kruskal’s gamma, Tukey’s post-hoc procedures and the Bonferroni method based on Student’s t-test. Results: The prevalence of FM for the years 2014-2016 was 10.0 per 1000 live births in mothers in early adolescence, 19.2 in mothers in late adolescence and 18.6 in adult mothers. It emerged that the prevalence of FM in pregnancies of under 22 weeks was higher in adult mothers, before delivery and during childbirth (chi-square = 32.023; p = 0.021), and there was a slight negative relationship between mother’s age and weight of the fetus (gamma = -0.186; p = 0.014). The prevalence of FM was higher in adult mothers residing in the municipal district (chi-square = 80.18; p = 0.000), in mothers with primary, secondary and professional-level basic education (chi-square = 105.56; p = 0.000), and greater in adult mothers due to obstetric complications and birth trauma.
The purpose of this work was to analyze the prevalence of fetal mortality (FM) in mothers in early adolescence (10-14 years), late adolescence (15-19 years) and in adults (20-34 years), during the period 2014-2016, in the North Department of Santander-Colombia. The factors taken into account were: gestation time, fetal weight, childbirth, basic causes, area of residence, and educational level of the mothers. The study was retrospective, correlational, analytical-comparative. The database was from a secondary public access source of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE-Colombia). The analysis was performed using the following tests: chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis H, Cramer’s V coefficient, Goodman and Kruskal’s gamma, Tukey’s post-hoc procedures and the Bonferroni method based on Student’s t-test. Results: The prevalence of FM for the years 2014-2016 was 10.0 per 1000 live births in mothers in early adolescence, 19.2 in mothers in late adolescence and 18.6 in adult mothers. It emerged that the prevalence of FM in pregnancies of under 22 weeks was higher in adult mothers, before delivery and during childbirth (chi-square = 32.023; p = 0.021), and there was a slight negative relationship between mother’s age and weight of the fetus (gamma = -0.186; p = 0.014). The prevalence of FM was higher in adult mothers residing in the municipal district (chi-square = 80.18; p = 0.000), in mothers with primary, secondary and professional-level basic education (chi-square = 105.56; p = 0.000), and greater in adult mothers due to obstetric complications and birth trauma.
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Palabras clave
Mortalidad fetal, Prevalencia, Edad de madres, Riesgos maternos, Colombia, Fetal mortality, Maternal risks