Factores relacionados con el riesgo por movimiento repetitivos en los miembros superiores en trabajadores
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Albor Clavijo, Dayana Judith
Cabarcas Beltrán, Zusele Sofía
Caro Tapia, Yoslenis
Cetares Barrios, Rodolfo David
Consuegra Berdejo, Narcisa María
Gámez Sierra, Celina Paola
Navarro Vargas, Cenia
Ortiz Berrio, Karyna Patricia
Polo Ahumada, Luz Ángela
Ricardo Caiafa, Yesid Yahir
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo están asociados con movimientos repetitivos, uso de la fuerza, posturas inadecuadas y falta de períodos de recuperación. Constituyen uno de los problemas de salud más importante en las sociedades industriales y las cuales ocasionan perdida de días de trabajo, generando un costo económico y social superior a cualquier otro tipo de trastorno asociado al trabajo. Movimiento repetitivo es aquel que se realiza con una duración inferior a los 30 segundos y donde más del 50% del ciclo repetitivo es invertido por el movimiento responsable de la fricción irritante.
Uno de los principales motivos de incapacidad laboral es el levantamiento de carga, incluye esfuerzo directo humano o indirecto (empuje). Ocasionan lesiones musculo-esqueléticas definidas como alteraciones que sufren las partes del cuerpo implicadas en la actividad laboral, se manifiestan a través de molestias que conlleva a una reducción de la fuerza laboral.
El Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo de España (INSHT) demostró que de 98.588 casos reportados en el periodo 2007 – 2012 con enfermedad profesional, 58.091% se presentaron en hombres y 40.497% correspondían a mujeres; por otra parte, la edad de los hombres fue de 43,23 años, y en mujeres de 41,1 años. De las enfermedades profesionales generadas por repetitividad en miembros superiores está el síndrome del túnel carpiano (STC), el cual en 2003 fue incluido en la Unión Europea como una enfermedad profesional.
La presente investigación es pertinente respecto a los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), el cual establece la meta mundial acerca de consolidar la capacidad de aquellos países que están en vía de desarrollo (como en el caso de Colombia), hacia la identificación, reducción y gestión de los riesgos en temas de salud en general.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are associated with repetitive movements, use of force, inappropriate postures and lack of recovery periods. They constitute one of the most important health problems in industrial societies and which cause loss of work days, generating an economic and social cost superior to any other type of work-related disorder. Repetitive movement is one that is performed with a duration of less than 30 seconds and where more than 50% of the repetitive cycle is reversed by the movement responsible for the irritating friction. One of the main reasons for work disability is the lifting of cargo, including direct human or indirect effort (push). They cause musculoskeletal injuries defined as alterations suffered by the parts of the body involved in work activity, manifested through discomfort that leads to a reduction in the workforce. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in Spain (INSHT) showed that of 98,588 cases reported in the 2007 - 2012 period with occupational disease, 58,091% were in men and 40,497% were women; on the other hand, the age of men was 43.23 years, and in women 41.1 years. Of the occupational diseases caused by repetitiveness in the upper limbs is carpal tunnel syndrome (STC), which in 2003 was included in the European Union as a professional disease. The present investigation is pertinent with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which sets the global goal of consolidating the capacity of those developing countries (as in the case of Colombia), towards identification, reduction and risk management in health issues in general.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are associated with repetitive movements, use of force, inappropriate postures and lack of recovery periods. They constitute one of the most important health problems in industrial societies and which cause loss of work days, generating an economic and social cost superior to any other type of work-related disorder. Repetitive movement is one that is performed with a duration of less than 30 seconds and where more than 50% of the repetitive cycle is reversed by the movement responsible for the irritating friction. One of the main reasons for work disability is the lifting of cargo, including direct human or indirect effort (push). They cause musculoskeletal injuries defined as alterations suffered by the parts of the body involved in work activity, manifested through discomfort that leads to a reduction in the workforce. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in Spain (INSHT) showed that of 98,588 cases reported in the 2007 - 2012 period with occupational disease, 58,091% were in men and 40,497% were women; on the other hand, the age of men was 43.23 years, and in women 41.1 years. Of the occupational diseases caused by repetitiveness in the upper limbs is carpal tunnel syndrome (STC), which in 2003 was included in the European Union as a professional disease. The present investigation is pertinent with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which sets the global goal of consolidating the capacity of those developing countries (as in the case of Colombia), towards identification, reduction and risk management in health issues in general.
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Metodología Ocra, Trabajadores, Sector privado, Esfuerzo físico, Ocra methodology, Workers, Private sector, Physical effort