Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mechanics occupationally exposed to diesel engine exhaust
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Fecha
2018
Autores
Leon-Mejia, Grethel
Quintana Sosa, Milton
Luna, Ibeth
Trindade, Cristiano
Oliveros, Ludys
Anaya, Marco
Luna, Jaime
Navarro, Nebis
Ruiz, Marta
Franco, Karen
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Programa de Maestría en genética
Facultad Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Programa de Maestría en genética
Resumen
Diesel engine exhaust (DEE), which is the product of diesel
combustion, is considered carcinogenic in humans. It comprises toxic
gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulate matter
which can reach the pulmonary parenchyma and trigger various diseases,
including cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DEE exposure on peripheral
blood and buccal epithelial cells in mechanics occupationally exposed to
DEE. We recruited 120 exposed mechanics and 100 non-exposed control
individuals. Significant differences were observed between the two groups
in terms of percentage of tail DNA and damage index (DI) in the alkaline
comet assay; levels of biomarkers by cytokinesis-block micronucleus
cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay; frequency of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic
bridge (NPB), nuclear bud (NBUD) and apoptotic cells (APOP) and levels of
biomarkers for micronucleus, karyorrhexis (KRX), karyolysis (KRL) and
condensed chromatin (CC) by the buccal micronucleus cytome (BM-Cyt)
assay. A significant and positive correlation was found between the
frequency of MN in lymphocytes and buccal cells in the exposed group. We
found a significant correlation between age and percentage of tail DNA
and DI in the comet assay, APOP and MN in the CBMN-Cyt assay and NBUD and
MN in the BM-Cyt assay. Furthermore, we found a positive and significant
correlation of MN frequency in lymphocytes and buccal cells and age and
MN frequency in lymphocytes with the time of service (years). Regarding
lifestyle-related factors, a significant correlation was observed between
meat and vitamin consumption and NBUD formation on CBMN-Cyt and between
meat consumption and MN occurrence on CBMN-Cyt. Of the BM-Cyt biomarkers,
there was a correlation between alcohol consumption and NBUD formation
and between binucleated cell (BN), pyknosis (PYC), CC and KRL occurrence
and family cancer history. These data showed the usefulness of biomarkers
of the comet, CBMN-Cyt and BM-Cyt assays for human biomonitoring and
evaluation of cancer risk in the exposed populations.
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Palabras clave
Diesel engine exhaust, DNA oxidative damage, Comet assay, Cytome, Particulate matter