Efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico de 12 semanas en sujetos con revascularización coronaria o postangioplastia transluminal percutánea
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Mantilla-Morrón, Mirary
Urina-Triana, Miguel
Herazo-Beltrán, Yaneth
Urina-Jassir, Daniela
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Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre las características
antropométricas y la capacidad funcional postcirugía de revascularización coronaria o postangioplastia
coronaria transluminal percutánea.
Métodos: Estudio clínico no controlado, de antes y después, en 49 pacientes postcirugía de
revascularización coronaria o angioplastia coronaria percutánea. El índice de masa corporal,
perímetro abdominal, índice de cintura cadera, perímetro de la cadera y la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria
a través de la caminata de los seis minutos fueron evaluados antes y al finalizar
el programa de ejercicio físico. Este estuvo conformado por ejercicios aeróbicos continuos, de
resistencia muscular, equilibrio y coordinación, durante 3 días a la semana, durante 12 semanas.
Resultados: Con relación al perímetro abdominal en las mujeres cambió de 91,4 cm a 88,4 cm
(p = 0,003) y en los hombres de 93,6 cm a 89,8 (p = 0,000). Se logró un incremento significativo
de la distancia caminada de 330 a 436 metros (p = 0,000); del consumo energético de 3,4 a 4,1
MET (p = 0,000); y la máxima capacidad de absorber, transportar y consumir el oxígeno, de 12
a 14 ml/Kg/min.
Conclusiones: El programa de ejercicio físico que fue utilizado en este estudio, pudo en todos los
sujetos incrementar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y la tolerancia al ejercicio, y disminuir el
perímetro abdominal. Los efectos benéficos obtenidos cambian el pronóstico de la enfermedad
coronaria y disminuyen los factores de riesgo metabólicos.
Motivation: To determine the effects of a physical exercise program in the anthropometric characteristics and postsurgical functional capacity after coronary revascularization or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Methods: Uncontrolled clinical before and after study, in 49 patients who has undergone coronary revascularization or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Body mass index, abdominal girth, waist-to-hip ratio, hip perimeter and cardiorespiratory function were assessed by means of the six-minute walk test before and after the physical exercise program. It consisted of continuous aerobic, muscle resistance, balance and coordination exercises three times a week during a total of 12 weeks. Results: Abdominal girth changed from 91.4 cm to 88.4 cm (p = 0.003) in women and from 93.6 cm to 89.8 cm (p = 0.000). A significant increase of the walked distance was achieved, from 330 to 436 meters (p = 0.000); energy use from 3.4 to 4.1 MET (p = 0.000); and maximum capacity of absorbing, transporting and consuming oxygen, from 12 to 14 ml/Kg/min. Conclusion: The physical activity program used in this study contributed to an increase in all participants of the cardiorespiratory function and exercise tolerance, and to a decrease in abdominal girth. These beneficial effects change the prognosis of the coronary disease and reduce the metabolic risk factors.
Motivation: To determine the effects of a physical exercise program in the anthropometric characteristics and postsurgical functional capacity after coronary revascularization or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Methods: Uncontrolled clinical before and after study, in 49 patients who has undergone coronary revascularization or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Body mass index, abdominal girth, waist-to-hip ratio, hip perimeter and cardiorespiratory function were assessed by means of the six-minute walk test before and after the physical exercise program. It consisted of continuous aerobic, muscle resistance, balance and coordination exercises three times a week during a total of 12 weeks. Results: Abdominal girth changed from 91.4 cm to 88.4 cm (p = 0.003) in women and from 93.6 cm to 89.8 cm (p = 0.000). A significant increase of the walked distance was achieved, from 330 to 436 meters (p = 0.000); energy use from 3.4 to 4.1 MET (p = 0.000); and maximum capacity of absorbing, transporting and consuming oxygen, from 12 to 14 ml/Kg/min. Conclusion: The physical activity program used in this study contributed to an increase in all participants of the cardiorespiratory function and exercise tolerance, and to a decrease in abdominal girth. These beneficial effects change the prognosis of the coronary disease and reduce the metabolic risk factors.
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Palabras clave
Enfermedad Coronaria, Rehabilitación, Ejercicio, Coronary disease, Rehabilitation, Exercise