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The YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment and Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Promises
(MDPI, 2022)
The yes-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators, members of the Hippo signaling pathway, which play a critical role in cell growth regulation, embryonic development, regeneration, proliferation, and cancer origin and progression. The mechanism involves the nuclear binding of the un-phosphorylated YAP/TAZ complex to release the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) from its repressors. The active ternary complex is responsible for the aforementioned ...
Hypertension, emotions and happiness: A brief view from the biology to the positive psychology
(Saber UCV, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 2022)
High blood pressure (HBP) is a silent disease with an
extremely high prevalence worldwide. It is considered
the leading risk factor for cardiovascular (CVD) and
neurovascular disorders. The etiology of hypertension
is based on various genetic, environmental, and social
factors. Currently, compelling evidence points to
the link between HBP and certain psycho-emotional
factors, such as mental stability, happiness, general
well-being, and fulfillment, all consistently associated
with better physical and psychological health. Clinical
and ...
Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis
(MDPI, 2022)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health issue due to its high morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. The implementation of innovative therapeutic alternatives for CVD is urgently required. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are bioactive compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, integrated into four families: Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins. SPMs have generated interest in recent years due to their ability to promote the resolution of inflammation associated with the pathogeneses of numerous ...
Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells: Emerging Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches
(MDPI, 2022)
The constant changes in cancer cell bioenergetics are widely known as metabolic reprogramming. Reprogramming is a process mediated by multiple factors, including oncogenes, growth factors, hypoxia-induced factors, and the loss of suppressor gene function, which support malignant transformation and tumor development in addition to cell heterogeneity. Consequently, this hallmark promotes resistance to conventional anti-tumor therapies by adapting to the drastic changes in the nutrient microenvironment that these therapies entail. Therefore, it ...
Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
(MDPI, 2022)
The placebo effect can be defined as the improvement of symptoms in a patient after the administration of an innocuous substance in a context that induces expectations regarding its effects. During recent years, it has been discovered that the placebo response not only has neurobiological functions on analgesia, but that it is also capable of generating effects on the immune and endocrine systems. The possible integration of changes in different systems of the organism could favor the well-being of the individuals and go hand in hand with ...
Exploring the links between Obesity and Psoriasis: A comprehensive review
(MDPI, 2022)
Obesity is a major public health issue worldwide since it is associated with the development of chronic comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, atherosclerosis, some cancer forms and skin diseases, including psoriasis. Scientific evidence has indicated that the possible link between obesity and psoriasis may be multifactorial, highlighting dietary habits, lifestyle, certain genetic factors and the microbiome as leading factors in the progress of both pathologies because they are associated with a chronic pro-inflammatory state. Thus, ...
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review Exploring Neuroendocrine–Immune Therapeutic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
(MDPI, 2022)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is based on conducting an electrical current through the brain to stimulate it and trigger generalized convulsion activity with therapeutic ends. Due to the efficient use of ECT during the last years, interest in the molecular bases involved in its mechanism of action has increased. Therefore, different hypotheses have emerged. In this context, the goal of this review is to describe the neurobiological, endocrine, and immune mechanisms involved in ECT and to detail its clinical efficacy in different psychiatric ...
Stomatognathic System Changes in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review
(MDPI, 2022)
Background: Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease involving multiple organs, devices, and systems involving important changes in the stomatognathic system, such as in the orofacial muscles, temporomandibular joint, cheeks, nose, jaw, maxilla, oral cavity, lips, teeth, tongue, hard/soft palate, larynx, and pharynx. Patients with obesity indicated for bariatric surgery reportedly presented with abnormalities in the structures and function of the stomatognathic apparatus. This occurs through the accumulation of adipose tissue in the oral cavity ...
Probiotics and Gut Microbiota in Obesity: Myths and realities of a New Health Revolution
(MDPI, 2022)
Obesity and its comorbidities are humans’ most prevalent cardio-metabolic diseases worldwide. Recent evidence has shown that chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature in all highly prevalent chronic degenerative diseases. In this sense, the gut microbiota is a complete ecosystem involved in different processes like vitamin synthesis, metabolism regulation, and both appetite and immune system control. Thus, dysbiosis has been recognised as one of the many factors associated with obesity due to a predominance of Firmicutes, a decrease in ...
Importance of health spending in the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population in Táchira, Venezuela
(Sociedad Latinoamericana de Hipertensión, 2022)
Introduction. This research analyzes whether health is
among the three main expenditures that a household allocates
from its income in the population at the base of
the pyramid (BoP) and whether there is an association with
people belonging to different socioeconomic levels of the
BoP in the state of Táchira, Venezuela. Methods. Data
was obtained from a structured questionnaire applied
to a sample of 1,398 households in the Táchira region,
Venezuela, which were classified by socioeconomic levels
through the construction of a global ...