Relación entre la presencia de síntomas osteomusculares y la percepción de los empleados sobre el clima ergonómico en el sector educativo y en el sector industrial
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Angulo Orozco, Ayleen Judith
Contreras Molino, Maloris
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Determinar la relación entre la presencia de síntomas osteomusculares y la percepción de los empleados sobre el clima ergonómico, concepto introducido por primera vez por Hoffmesiter, es relevante dado que es una medida que permitirá definir como una organización enfoca y respalda el diseño y la modificación del trabajo para maximizar tanto el desempeño organizacional como el bienestar de sus empleados; entonces, resulta pertinente la realización de este estudio en toda organización que esté interesada en generar día a día ambientes de trabajo cada vez más saludables y seguros
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la presencia de síntomas osteomusculares y la percepción de los empleados sobre el clima ergonómico en la empresa.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en 60 trabajadores de: Centro Educativo María Auxiliadora, Institución Educativa Politécnico de Soledad y Plásticos JR Asociados S.A.S. Se aplicaron los instrumentos: Cuestionario Nórdico de Kourinka, Cuestionario de Clima Ergonómico de Hoffmeister.
Resultados: Se encontró que los síntomas con mayor prevalencia son dolor en la zona alta de la espalda (35%), en la zona baja de la espalda un 28,3%, el cuello con 26,7% y hombro un 25%. El 18% de los trabajadores encuestados han requerido en algún momento durante un periodo de 12 meses cambios de puesto de trabajo por molestias osteomusculares.
Tanto la participación de los empleados como el compromiso de la gerencia, en relación con los indicadores de la empresa que fortalecen el clima ergonómico, obtuvieron una baja percepción al momento de ser evaluados por los colaboradores de las empresas participantes, 45% y 36.7% respectivamente.
Si bien el ambiente físico de trabajo tiene una alta percepción (80%), las trabajadoras del sector educativo perciben su lugar de trabajo como uno con frecuente exposición a riesgos.
Determining the relationship between the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms and the employees' perception of the ergonomic climate, a concept introduced for the first time by Hoffmesiter, is relevant since it is a measure that will define how an organization approaches and supports the design and modification of the work to maximize both organizational performance and the well-being of its employees; Therefore, it is pertinent to carry out this study in any organization that is interested in generating work environments that are increasingly healthier and safer on a daily basis. Objective: To determine the relationship between the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms and the employees' perception of the ergonomic climate in the company. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 60 workers from: María Auxiliadora Educational Center, Polytechnic Educational Institution of Soledad and Plastics JR Asociados S.A.S. The instruments were applied: Kourinka Nordic Questionnaire, Hoffmeister Ergonomic Climate Questionna Results: It was found that the most prevalent symptoms are pain in the upper back area (35%), in the lower back area 28.3%, the neck with 26.7% and shoulder 25%. 18% of the workers surveyed have required at some point during a period of 12 months to change jobs due to musculoskeletal discomfort. Both the participation of the employees and the commitment of the management, in relation to the company's indicators that strengthen the ergonomic climate, obtained a low perception when evaluated by the collaborators of the participating companies, 45% and 36.7% respectively. . Although the physical work environment has a high perception (80%), workers in the education sector perceive their workplace as one with frequent exposure to risks.
Determining the relationship between the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms and the employees' perception of the ergonomic climate, a concept introduced for the first time by Hoffmesiter, is relevant since it is a measure that will define how an organization approaches and supports the design and modification of the work to maximize both organizational performance and the well-being of its employees; Therefore, it is pertinent to carry out this study in any organization that is interested in generating work environments that are increasingly healthier and safer on a daily basis. Objective: To determine the relationship between the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms and the employees' perception of the ergonomic climate in the company. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 60 workers from: María Auxiliadora Educational Center, Polytechnic Educational Institution of Soledad and Plastics JR Asociados S.A.S. The instruments were applied: Kourinka Nordic Questionnaire, Hoffmeister Ergonomic Climate Questionna Results: It was found that the most prevalent symptoms are pain in the upper back area (35%), in the lower back area 28.3%, the neck with 26.7% and shoulder 25%. 18% of the workers surveyed have required at some point during a period of 12 months to change jobs due to musculoskeletal discomfort. Both the participation of the employees and the commitment of the management, in relation to the company's indicators that strengthen the ergonomic climate, obtained a low perception when evaluated by the collaborators of the participating companies, 45% and 36.7% respectively. . Although the physical work environment has a high perception (80%), workers in the education sector perceive their workplace as one with frequent exposure to risks.
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Clima ergonómico, Síntomas osteomusculares, Percepción ergonómica, Desempeño de la organización, Bienestar y salud, Ergonomic climate, Musculoskeletal symptoms, Ergonomic perception, Organizational performance, Well-being and health