Examinando por Autor "Espinoza, Cristobal"
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Ítem Data Mining and Endocrine Diseases: A New Way to Classify?(Elsevier, 2018-04) Salazar, Juan; Espinoza, Cristobal; Mindiola, Andres; Bermudez, ValmoreData mining consists of using large database analysis to detect patterns, relationships and models in order to describe (or even predict) the appearance of a future event; to accomplish this, it uses classification methods, rules of association, regression patterns, link and cluster analyses. Recently this approach has been used to propose a new diabetes mellitus classification, using information analysis techniques through which the selection bias minimally influences categorization, this new focus that includes data mining previously implemented to predict, identify biomarkers, complications, therapies, health policies, genetic and environmental effects of this disease; it could be generalized in the field of endocrinology, in the classification of other endocrine diseases.Ítem Is “Leptin Resistance” Another Key Resistance to Manage Type 2 Diabetes?(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Salazar, Juan; Chávez-Castillo, Mervin; Rojas, Joselyn; Ortega, Ángel; Nava, Manuel; Pérez, José; Rojas, Milagros; Espinoza, Cristobal; Chacín, Maricarmen; Herazo, Yaneth; Angarita, Lissé; Rojas, Diana Marcela; D'Marco, Luis; Bermúdez, ValmoreAlthough novel pharmacological options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have been observed to modulate the functionality of several key organs in glucose homeostasis, successful regulation of insulin resistance (IR), body weight management, and pharmacological treatment of obesity remain notable problems in endocrinology. Leptin may be a pivotal player in this scenario, as an adipokine which centrally regulates appetite and energy balance. In obesity, excessive caloric intake promotes a low-grade inflammatory response, which leads to dysregulations in lipid storage and adipokine secretion. In turn, these entail alterations in leptin sensitivity, leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier and defects in post-receptor signaling. Furthermore, hypothalamic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress may increase the expression of molecules which may disrupt leptin signaling. Abundant evidence has linked obesity and leptin resistance, which may precede or occur simultaneously to IR and DM2. Thus, leptin sensitivity may be a potential early therapeutic target that demands further preclinical and clinical research. Modulators of insulin sensitivity have been tested in animal models and small clinical trials with promising results, especially in combination with agents such as amylin and GLP-1 analogs, in particular, due to their central activity in the hypothalamus.Ítem Neprilysin: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Arterial Hypertension?(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Salazar, Juan; Rojas-Quintero, Joselyn; Cano, Clímaco; Pérez, José L.; Ramírez, Paola; Carrasquero, Rubén; Torres, Wheeler; Espinoza, Cristobal; Chacín-González, Maricarmen; Bermúdez, ValmoreArterial hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease in the adult population of developed countries and it constitutes a significant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, contributing to the emergence of many comorbidities, among which heart failure excels, a clinical syndrome that nowadays represents a major health problem with uncountable hospitalizations and the indolent course of which progressively worsens until quality of life decreases and lastly death occurs prematurely. In the light of this growing menace, each day more efforts are invested in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology, searching for new therapeutic options that allow us to modulate the physiological systems that appear among these pathologies. Therefore, in the later years, the study of natriuretic peptides has become so relevant, which mediate beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level such as diuresis, natriuresis, and decreasing cardiac remodeling; their metabolism is mediated by neprilysin, a metalloproteinase, widely expressed in the human and capable of catalyzing many substrates. The modulation of these functions has been studied by decades, giving room to Sacubitril, the first neprilysin inhibitor, which in conjunction with an angiotensin receptor blocker has provided a high efficacy and tolerability among patients with heart failure, for whom it has already been approved and recommended. Nonetheless, in the matter of arterial hypertension, significant findings have arisen that demonstrate the potential role that it will play among the pharmacological alternatives in the upcoming years.